Ivan VI of Russia
Ivan VI. Antonovich (born 12 Augustjul / August 23 1740greg in Saint Petersburg, .. .. † 5 Julijul / July 16 1764greg in the fortress Schlüsselburg ) was from 1740 to 1741, the nominal emperor of Russia.
Life
Ivan Antonovich was the firstborn child of Anton Ulrich the Younger of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel - Bevern (1714-1774) and his wife Anna Leopoldovna ( 1718-1746 ). He was one of the tragic figures on the Tsar's throne. At the age of two months, he was enthroned on October 17, 1740 the Tsar and Emperor and already overthrown on 25 November in 1741.
Succession
Ivan was after the birth of his great-aunt, Empress Anna Ivanovna (1693-1740), appointed to the Russian throne. The Empress was following the will of Peter the Great ( 1672-1725 ). Peter the Great is given shortly before his death, that the respective reigning Tsar may appoint his successor itself. This new succession rules enabled the House of Romanov in big trouble because the Czar now been appointed and were no longer determined by the birthright, and led to major intrigues at court. Each prince or princess was thus a potential successor / in and many members of the House of Romanov made their hope for a throne.
Reign and captivity
As regent for the underage grandson of her sister, Emperor Ivan VI. , Proclaimed Empress Anna 's mother and her favorites Ernst Johann von Biron. But Anna Leopoldovna let Biron after a few weeks overthrow, was himself but the government neither able nor willing. So it was already in 1741 a political revolution. The daughter of Emperor Peter I the Great, Elisabeth Petrovna (1709-1762), dethroned the baby and was able to power for the next 20 years by force. Unlike their predecessors, their policies leaned against France. Thus, initially the new Tsarina ended a good relationship with Austria.
The deposed regent Anne Leopoldovna and her politically weak husband Anton Ulrich were banished to the monastery Kholmogory (southwest of Arkhangelsk ). The deposed Emperor Ivan VI. was imprisoned separated from his parents. Anton Ulrich and his wife saw her eldest son ever again. After the accession of Empress Catherine II (1729-1796) Ivan VI was. murdered in 1764 after 23 years in prison in key castle in Saint Petersburg - allegedly during a liberation attempt. His memory has been deliberately obliterated.
Ivan VI. is the only Russian emperor whose burial place is unknown.
Family
Ivan VI. had four younger siblings who were born in captivity:
- Catherine (26 July 1741-21. April 1807 )
- Elisabeth (16 November 1743-20. October 1782 )
- Peter (30 March 1745-30. January 1798 )
- Alexei (10 March 1746-23. October 1787 )
Ivan's siblings were imprisoned along with their parents, because after the succession regime Anna Ivanovna and they were considered as a possible heir to the throne, and therefore as a potential danger to the reigning tsar, if nothing will have been known among the public about their existence. They grew under constant guard and without in any way to acquire education. Her father could not even teach reading and writing, or his native language German them. It was not until 1780 Catherine II dismissed these siblings to her aunt, the Dowager Queen of Denmark, Juliane Marie of Brunswick, where they lived withdrawn in Horsens in Jutland.