Jahriyya
Jahriyya is a mainly common in Ningxia, Gansu and Yunnan Naqshbandi Tariqa ( Sufi Order ) of Islam. It is one of four major menhuan ( Sufischulen ) of China. It spread in the 16th century through Central Asia in the areas of Yarkant ( Shache ) and Kashgar ( Kashi ) in Xinjiang and was built in 1744 by Ma Mingxin ( 1719-1781 ) introduced in Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai.
The name comes from one to the practice of vocal and loud talk of dhikr relating ( Remembrance of God ) Arabic word. This is in contrast to the typical practice of Naqshbandi Khufiyya where this is done in silence. The Jahriyya School is therefore referred to in Chinese as " loud- recitation school" ( Gaosheng pai高声 派) or " loud- reading - school" ( gaonian pai高 念 派), another term for it is "new doctrine / New Religion " ( Xinjiao新教).
She gives the pilgrimage to Mecca no attention, but has the gongbei拱北- ie who erected over the graves of their sheikhs, practices or leaders Kuppeldachbauten (Arabic Qubbah ) - as centers of faith and pilgrimage destination. It follows the hanefitischen rite. Martyrdom is a high priority; major emphasis will be on the " own belief system " ( Daocheng道 乘) down, " the stages as the depersonalization and mystical union with God leads " ( Hu Fan).
The school has been particularly active in the late 18th and in the 19th century in the province of Gansu (including Qinghai and Ningxia ), where their followers were in a number of conflicts with other Muslim groups, and in several rebellions against the ruling Qing in China dynasty was involved.
Ma Mingxin had studied in Mecca and Yemen under a Naqshbandi Sufi teacher named 'Abd al - Chāliq ( Chinese Muslims as " Abu Duha Halik " known ), the son of az- Zayn b. Muhammad ' Abd al - Baqi al - Mizjaji ( 1643/44-1725 ), who came from Mizjaja at Zabīd in Yemen. Az- Zayn in turn had studied in Medina under the famous Kurdish mystic Ibrahim ibn Hasan al - Kurani (1616-1690), who was responsible for the vocal invocation (instead of the silent ) dhikr known.
It has various sub-sects: Nanchuan南川, Beishan北山, Shagou沙沟, Banqiao板桥and Xindianzi新店 子.