Jan Baudouin de Courtenay
Ignacy Baudouin de Courtenay January Niecisław ( born March 13, 1845 in Radzymin near Warsaw, † November 3, 1929 in Warsaw) was a Polish linguist and Slavic studies. For most of his life he worked in Russia at the universities of Kazan (1874-1883), Tartu (1883-1893), Kraków (1893-1899) and St. Petersburg ( 1900-1918 ). From 1919 to 1929 he was professor of re-founded Warsaw University.
His Russian name is Иван Александрович Бодуэн де Куртенэ ( transcribed Ivan Aleksandrovich Boduen de Kurtene, scientific transliteration Ivan Aleksandrovich Boduen de Kurtenė ).
Life
In 1862, Baudouin student at the University of Warsaw ( SzkoĹ Główna ), where he earned his Master's degree in 1866 at the Faculty historical- philological. With a grant from the Russian Ministry of Education, he left Poland and continued his studies at the universities of Prague, Jena and Berlin continued. Lectures he attended, among others, in August Schleicher and Ernst Haeckel. In 1870 he received a PhD degree at the University of Leipzig under August Leskien. There he wrote his master's thesis in Russian About the Old Polish language until the 14th century ( О древне - польском языкѣ до ХIVго столѣтия ) print, which he defended shortly thereafter in St. Petersburg. At the university he taught as a Privatdozent " comparative grammar of the Indo-European languages ".
1873 traveled Baudouin in Northern Italy Resiatal to conduct field research in the Slavic minority living there. In 1874 he received an appointment as a lecturer in Kazan at the Department of Sanskrit and comparative grammar. In 1875 he defended his doctoral thesis attempt at phonetics of resianischen dialects (Russian Опыт фонетики резьянских говоров ) and received in the same year a reputation as an extraordinary ( ordinary from 1876 ) Professor at the University of Kazan.
1883 to 1893 taught at the University of Dorpat Baudouin, from 1894 to 1900 then. At the Jagiellonian University in Cracow 1900 moved Baudouin to St. Petersburg, where he became a professor. Among his students at that time included Lew Schtscherba and Max Vasmer.
Baudouin, the time of his life considered himself a Pole, was an advocate of the rights of ethnic minorities. In 1913 he was sentenced to two years in prison for a leaflet in which he called for the recognition of minority rights. After three months he was released, but lost his professorship. It was not until 1917 he was allowed to work as a professor in St. Petersburg.
After Poland gained independence in 1918, he returned to Warsaw. He held the chair of Indo-European Linguistics at the linguistic faculty of the University of Warsaw. In 1922 he was proposed without his knowledge of the national minorities as a presidential candidate. About one-fifth of the deputies and senators supported him in the third round, he left, and Gabriel Narutowicz was elected president.
Baudouin from 1887 was a permanent member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, from 1897 also the St. Petersburg Academy. In 1925 he founded with the Polish Linguistic Society.
Academic work
Baudouin de Courtenay is the founder of the Kazan linguistic school. His work was a pioneer of structuralist linguistics. Important structuralist concepts and terms can already be found in Baudouin: the distinction between synchrony and diachrony, between langue and parole, as well as the morpheme. Together with Mikołaj Kruszewski he formed the concept of the phoneme.
Works
- Attempt at a theory of phonetic alternations (PDF, 7.0 MB), 1895
- Materials for South Slavic dialectology and ethnography I ( PDF, 49.0 MB), 1895
- Материалы для южнославянской дiалектологiи и этнографiи II (PDF, 8.8 MB), 1904 ( Russian)
- Materials for South Slavic dialectology and ethnography III (PDF, 9.2 MB ), 1913
- The dialect of Cirkno ( Kirchheim ) (with voice samples), " Archives of Slavic philology " 7 (1884 ) and 8 ( 1885)
- Liliana Spinozzi Monai: Il Glossario del Torre del dialetto Tue Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (PDF, 8.6 MB ), 2009 ( with Baudouin 's handwriting)