Jixia Academy
The Jixia Academy (Chinese稷下 学 宫, Pinyin Jixia Xuegong ) from the old state Qi in the area of today's Shandong province in China was from the end of the 4th century BCE to 221 BCE ( was conquered by the state as Qi Qin ) the intellectual center of the time of the Warring States Period.
Your name " below Ji " comes from the western city gate Ji, near which they in town Linzi (临淄, now the seat of the Municipality of Zibo淄博 市), the capital of the country, had its headquarters. The king entertained there scholars from various schools, the relative comfortable salaries and were awarded honorary titles. The institution played the role of a think tank in order to contribute to the improvement of the government and the prestige of the ruler. Its members belonged Song Jian, Yin Wen, Peng Meng, Shen Dao, Tian Pian, Huan Yuan, Jiezi, Tian Ba, Ji Zhen, Chunyu Kun, Zou Yan, Lu Zhonglian and a number of famous travelers such as Mencius and Xun Kuang ( or. Xunzi ). The political- philosophical work Guanzi is attributed to its members. The debates of Jixia found in all the courts of the time of the Warring States Period and the early Han Dynasty echoed. The school played a particularly important role in the development of naturalism, whose best-known building material is the theory of the Five Elements, and the usual Huang -Lao Daoism or - legalism ( chinese黄老 学派, Pinyin Huang- Lao xuepai which to be the mythical figures Huangdi and Laozi returns ).
History and Impact
Traditionally, one writes the establishment of Jixia Academy Tian Wu (田 午), Duke Huan of Qi (齐桓公; reg 375-357. ) To, a scion of the Tian (田) clan, which in the year 384 BC CE, straight from the house of Jiang (姜) had seized power and the Qi came to the fore by BCE, he fought against the neighboring state of Wei in 342. However, its real founder 's son, King Wei seems (齐威王; reg 356-320. ) To have been. After the poet and philosopher Xu Gan (徐 干; 170-217 ), the author of Zhong lun中 论), he supported, encouraged by his chancellor Zou Ji (邹忌), at least seventy-two scholars - that the role of the Chancellor it played, were hardly aware of this because " they discussed you about government business, but lost no opportunity, [ him ] to make it comparable lack of respect ." It is true that the material benefits ( room and board, even for their students, cars, money) allowed the elect, a lifestyle comparable to the leading of the aristocracy, which they owed to the king in person. Under King Xuan (齐宣王;. Gov. 319-301 ) reached the academy its zenith when he had built a magnificent building for the holding of debates; his reign marks the climax of the Academy. Mencius said of him that he had not come the skills to become a great sovereign, his potential was but because of his refusal to bring order to his leadership to flourish, he had too much their energy, holding, woman beauty and the music loved ( cf. Mencius, Book I, Section B).
As the recipient of the pension institution were chosen is not clear, but it is believed ds they reached on recommendations from members of the nobility there. They were invited to bring their students and to keep their teaching, which made an original of the era Unterrichtsanstalt from Jixia that, although it was supported by "public" funds, their teachers gave perfect freedom of thought. In fact, given this unique addition to their income honorary title as the ceremonial function of a " master of libations ." Freed from political or administrative burdens, they had complete freedom to develop their ideas and hypotheses, without fear of incurring the penalties of reality. However, they were able to present candidates for public office to the ruler.
In light of the Guodian bamboo texts
In 1993, the archaeological site Guodian in Hubei, a once belonging to the state of Chu place text fragments of the oldest version of the Daodejing were in grave # 1 found on strips of bamboo (see Guodian bamboo texts).
According to Gao Zheng ( researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ), the majority of the discovered bamboo texts could have been teaching material of the Confucianist Si Meng scholars ( (思孟 学派), a Confucian school of thought that to be Zi Si (子思) and Mencius appeals ) of Jixia Academy was used. Qu Yuan, who was sent as an envoy by Qi, it could have withdrawn 311 BCE according to Chu.
Small overview of the rulers of the house mentioned in Qi Tian ( Tian Qi田 齐)
- Wu Tian田 午, Duke Huan of Qi齐桓公( Huan Qi gong, reg. 374-357 )
- Tian Yinqi田 因 齐, King Wei of Qi齐威王( Qi Wei wang, reg. 356-320 ), with the Chancellor Zou Ji邹忌
- Tian Pijiang田 辟疆, King Xuan of Qi齐宣王( Qi Xuan wáng, reg. 319-301 )