Johann Böhm

Johann Böhm, Johannes, Hans, Jan, ( born January 20, 1895 in Budweis, Austria - Hungary, † November 27, 1952 in Prague, Czechoslovakia ) was a German Bohemian chemist. He owned since 1935, the Czechoslovak citizenship.

Life

Boehm graduated from the Prague Technical University, worked with Fritz Haber at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin until 1926, then led in the summer of 1926 with the later Nobel laureate György Hevesy, at that time professor at the University of Freiburg i Br, a number of röntgenspektroskopischen experiments were, thereafter remained in Freiburg and his habilitation in 1931, where he worked as " Dr. Johann Böhm, Professor extraord. (physical chemistry) was performed on the Physico- chemical Institute " yet in 1935 in the" Lecture Schedule Staff Directory together with "as" Unscheduled associate professor " and assistant. Because of its democratic spirit Böhm was confronted after the seizure of power by the National Socialists with increasing difficulty. György Hevesy therefore requested Jaroslav Heyrovský to support in finding a location for Böhm at a Prague College. Heyrovský and Václav Dolejšek sat down then into this matter at the Czechoslovak government. 1934, Böhm a reputation as a professor of physical chemistry at the German University in Prague, which he followed on October 1, 1935, and at the same time acquired the Czechoslovak citizenship.

As an anti-fascist who helped during the German occupation of Czech chemists, about the later Nobel laureate Jaroslav Heyrovský, he was not sold as the mass of Germans after the war, and especially by Heyrovskýs intercession he escaped prolonged internment. He also won back the Czechoslovak citizenship and worked at the Research Institute of Organic Synthesis of Rybitví in Pardubice, but remained him to continue his academic teaching denied. Could not or he would not subsequently take various vocations to Czech universities for reasons of health, but was yet appointed a Corresponding Member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences shortly before his death.

Research

Böhm's major field of research was the X-ray and colloid chemistry of crystalline substances. Recordings with the device built by Karl Weissenberg and developed by Böhm, essentially in crystallography angle meter, the Weissenberg Böhm - ray goniometer wear as well as the device itself its name: " The symmetry of the WEISSENBERG - Bohm- recordings of the equator, the hexagonal major, minor - and intermediate shaft ... " Böhm's improved design, in which the parts of Weissenberg 's apparatus were now arranged so that the cylindrical camera transferred to the horizontal, has been retained in all subsequent versions of the apparatus.

After a long time the opinion was widespread, the German geologist Johannes Böhm (1857-1938) is the namesake of the boehmite, there is now the opinion before, the physical chemist Böhm was the discoverer and the first describer of the mineral, which he called the first bauxite, which is then However, in his honor by the French mineralogist Jacques Cochon de Lapparent (1883-1948) in " boehmite " (English and French: " boehmite " ) has been renamed.