Johann von Staupitz

Johann von Staupitz OESA / OSB (* um 1465 in Motterwitz, † December 28, 1524 in the Abbey of St. Peter in Salzburg ) was a theologian who is best known as promoter and confessor of the young Martin Luther.

Life

Staupitz came from a noble Saxon family. He joined 1490 Munich in the Order of Augustinian Hermits, and became Prior in 1497 in Tübingen. Here he enrolled on May 30, 1497 at Tübingen, where he took up in 1498 as baccalaureus biblicus the prescribed reading activity and is listed as a colleague of the reform theologian Reinhard Gaisser, which should make 1514 talk as an intellectual head of the arms of Conrad of itself. On July 7, 1500, he earned his doctorate in theology. 1502 appointed him to the Elector Frederick III. to Wittenberg as a founding professor to build the emerging university there. But he also recruited Tübingen professors like the later Württemberg chancellor Ambrosius Bolland. 1502-1512 was Staupitz professor and the first dean of the theological faculty at the new University of Wittenberg. 1503 Staupitz was elected prior of the Augustinian monastery in Munich, which was on May 7, 1503 Eschwege General of the German Observant Congregation of the Augustinian order, which he remained until 28 August 1520.

In 1512 he made Martin Luther as his successor in biblical studies at the University of Wittenberg. For his personal and theological development Staupitz had a great importance. He was confessor Luther advised the young Luther's theology studies and gave him to Wittenberg, he relegated his with himself rigorous and fearing for the souls brother always comforting to the grace of God and freed him in 1518 by the obedience to the Order of Saint Augustine. 1518 Staupitz encouraged Luther, when he was to appear before Cardinal Cajetan at the Reichstag in Augsburg. Staupitz held the gulf of faiths for bridged and remained a lifelong friend of Martin Luther, he asked on 18 September 1518 " Wittenberg to leave and to come to him to live with one another and die ." Beginning in 1521 refused Staupitz from a revocation of Luther's teaching by saying that this doctrine did not originate from this. In his letter of April 1, 1524 rebuked Staupitz, Luther against the putting away many Catholic practices and discarding the vows, but notes that he owed a lot of Luther, and that he wished, at least not to speak one hour by Luther to this to open " the secrets of his heart." His first in the monastery of St. Peter in Salzburg preserved letters with Martin Luther were burned in the 17th century.

From 1503 to 1520 was Staupitz General of the German Observant Congregation of the Augustinian Order. His reform efforts ran into opposition within the Order and also the part of the Pope, so that Staupitz in 1512 turned to the practical duties of his Vicariate. He devoted himself to pastoral care in Southern Germany ( Munich, Nuremberg, Salzburg) and led in 1513 visitation trips to Rome to the Netherlands by. Right after his election as Vicar General, he sat down in 1503 and for the establishment of the Augustinian Hermits monastery in Sternberg. After the occupation of the monastery in 1514 by the Schwerin Bishop Peter Volkov with excommunication, he sat down with papal support for the successful repeal a.

In 1520 he was preacher in Salzburg, 1521, he changed with papal approval in the Benedictine Order and was elected on August 22, 1522 to the Abbot of St. Peter in Salzburg, where he died on 28 December 1524.

Works

Staupitz wrote numerous religious writings, which are strongly influenced by the medieval mysticism:

  • Decisio questionis de audientia premise in parochiali ecclesia Dominicis et festivis Diebus. Tübingen 1500.
  • From the succession of willing death of Christ. 1515th
  • Libellus de executione aeternae praedestinationis. 1517.
  • From the love of God. 1518th
  • Of the holy true Christian faith. 1525.

Reception

  • Staupitz gave its name to the Sodalitas Staupitziana, which was built in 1517 in Nuremberg as the Reformation discussion group.
  • Street names: In Salzburg, chub and Thümmlitzwalde was ever a street named after him.
  • Memorial: A memorial plaque is located at Wittenberg, Luther House.
  • Remembrance Day: November 8, in the calendar of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod.
Order of Saint Benedict Poor Conrad Frederick III, Elector of Saxony Dean (education) Sternberg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Lutherhaus Walter Friedensburg Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File Leisnig
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