Johann Winter von Andernach

Johann Winter of Andernach, also John Winter of Andernach, born Johann Winter, Latin Ioannes Doctor Guinterius Andernacus ( Antunnacensis ) (* 1505 in Andernach, † October 4, 1574 in Strasbourg ) was a graduated physician, university professor, humanist, translator of ancient, mostly medical works and authors own medical, linguistic and humanities works.

Name

Johann Winter (John Winther ) of Andernach has undergone many name variations in the course of his life. Due to the transfer of the name " Winter" dive into Italian and Latin because of the then replacement of the "W " with " Gue " or "Wi " with " Gui ", the name " Guenther " and all its derivatives. Since " Guenther " or " Günter" was also a renowned German name and is, he was regarded as his true name. That was the name Johann Winter

• In Germany: Johann Winter, Johann Winter of Andernach, John Winther ( Andernach ), Johann Gwynther of Andernach
• In France: Gonthier d' Andernach, Jehan Guinter d' Andernach
• In Latin: Guintherus Andernacus, Ioannes Guinterius Andernacus

Other variations are " Johann Guenther of Andernach ," " Johann Guenther of Andernach ," " Johann Guinterus ( Guintherius ) of Andernach ." In addition, he also had a kind of artists' names - Iona Philologus, Jonas the philologist.

Life

Little is known about John Winters family and his youth. He probably came from a poor family and attended the municipal school in Andernach. He left his hometown in 1517 already as a teenager at the age of 12 years. He had a sharp mind, was very inquisitive and always looking to increase his knowledge. He moved to Utrecht, studied art and ancient Greek, where she learned philologists Lambert van den Hove ( 1510? -1574, Lambertus Hortensius ) know and made ​​contact with Duke Johann III. von der Mark, who became his patron. Further stations were Deventer and Marburg, where he completed his philosophy and humanistic studies.

Winter had very soon a well-known reputation, which earned him the position of principal of a preparatory school in Goslar because of its learning and teaching zeal. According to deepen his knowledge of Latin and Greek in 1524 he went to Louvain ( Leuven Flemish, French Louvain ) (since 1477 part of the Holy Roman Empire ) and led by the three- voice College ( Collegium Trilingue for Greek, Latin and Hebrew) in Leuven (Flemish Leuven, French Louvain ) his studies, specifically he perfected his Greek at Rutger Rescius at the Collegium Buslidanum (est. 1517 ), where he taught alongside Greek livelihood. In 1525 he went to Liege ( Luik Flemish, French Liège) to study medicine, which he had begun possibly in his Goslar time been to Leipzig.

As his financial situation became more dramatic, he moved to Paris and sat there, his medical studies continued at the Sorbonne. Winter was the bachelor in medicine at April 18, 1528 (after attestation of his studies in Leipzig by two witnesses ). On June 4, 1530, he completed his studies with a Lizenziatprüfung ( Magister, state examination today ) and his PhD at October 29, 1532 as a doctor of medicine. The Medical Faculty of the Sorbonne appointed him on February 6, 1533 to the Chief Medical Officer and conferred him on November 7, 1534 as the second Chair Professor in Medicine at a salary of 25 livres. As part of his academic Obligenheiten derives winter the annual winter semester course in human anatomy, which was under the influence of the then prevailing doctrine of the ancient Greek physician Galen of Pergamum ( 129-199 ), and so expired that winter read, and Bader, the section to display Galenos ' Anatomy theory conducted.

One of his famous students 1533-1536 Flemish anatomist Andreas was the Witinck ( 1514-1564 ) from Brussels, better known as Andreas Vesalius, the winter Anatomy instructions not quite accepted. But it was winter merit that Vesalius was trying to gather his students through practical participation in the sections experience. Another of Winters students, who came from Spain Miguel Servetus y Reves (1511-1553), who became famous by the discovery of small blood circulation, died at the stake in Geneva by John Calvin for heresy because of his " antidreifaltigen " teaching method.

Winters career developed steeply in Paris, King Francis I appointed him as one of his personal physicians to his court at Blois and Paris. Many looked at the popular and respected by colleagues for medical help and advice, he refused even the personal physician to place at the Danish court Christian III. from. Known during his lifetime, Johann winter through translations of works by Galen ' in the year 1528. 1536 Winter changed because of stringent Catholicism in France for religious reasons his residence to Metz near the former frontier and two years later to Strasbourg. In both cities, Johann Winter practiced as a general practitioner. The Strasbourg citizenship took him by the name of Johann Andernach ( Jehan d' Andernach ) and got a job as a Greek teacher at the high school (founded in 1538 by Johannes Sturm ( 1507-1589 ) ). He was with various Strasbourg reformers (Matthias Zell ( 1477-1548 ), his wife Katharina Zell, Martin Bucer ( 1491-1551 ) ) and friends used correspondence with Philip Melanchthon, Martin Luther and Erasmus of Rotterdam. By Butzer he got a personal physician post in the Count Palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken. By the time he set up a medical practice, but got into trouble because of his dual employment by envy and intrigue, so that he gave up teaching in 1556.

1541 and 1563 examined home two heavy plague Strasbourg, where he worked as a plague doctor and published it. From Strasbourg he traveled to Italy and his native Germany, where he visited his home town of Andernach and the Tönissteiner Römerquelle ( laid down in the former Andernacher annals ) as a very salutary examined. The Roman- German king and later emperor Ferdinand I raised him to the peerage in 1540, which the suffix " Andernach " identifies them as real aristocratic name part, not only as a designation of origin. His studies of classical Greek physicians, he continued further and translated in 1549 the works of Alexander of Tralles into Latin and was in 1556 a revised edition out.

Focus its further study activity was his work as a general practitioner, a position he held until his death. Winter also had osteological and mycological knowledge. Outstanding were his descriptions of the female pelvis with all organs. He was without doubt one of the most progressive humanist physicians of his time. At the age of 69 years John Winter died in Strasbourg on October 4, 1574 and was buried at the Strasbourg St. Gallus Church. He left his home town of Andernach, which he has never forgotten, a sizable arms Foundation.

The town of Andernach has dedicated him a medical history museum.

Publications

• Syntaxis Graeca. Paris 1527 ( Greek sentence structure )
• Galen 's works translated into Latin: De anatomicis administrationibus. 9 books, Paris 1531.
• De Hippocratis et Platonis placitis. Paris 1534th
• Anatomicarum institutionum secundum Galen sententiam. 4 books, Paris and Basel, 1536, 1538 Venice, Padua 1558th
• Clavdii Galen Pergameni Medicorvm Omnivm Fere principis opera, nunc demum a clarissimis et eruditis viris latinitate donata, iam vero ordine justo, et studio exquisito re in lucem recens edita. Quibus, ut solidae veraeque medicinae, non poenitendam operam olim indulsisse iuvabit. Basel, Cratander (Andreas Leennius ) 1529; 27 Galenustexte in Latin of 9 different translators, including J. Jonah Winter as Phil

• Very hands-on instruction, everyone can not keep healthy by one, especially in plague as in other times. German version as