John Carroll (bishop)

John Carroll ( SJ) ( born January 8, 1735 in Upper Marlboro, Maryland, † December 3, 1815 in Baltimore, Maryland) was until the abolition of the Jesuit order Jesuit, later the first bishop and archbishop of Baltimore and, as such, the first bishop in the United States. He was also the founder of the Catholic hierarchy in the United States and founder of Georgetown University, the oldest Catholic university today in the USA.

Life

John Carroll was born as the fourth of seven children of the merchant and planter Daniel Carroll and his wife Eleanor Darnall in Upper Marlboro Country, Maryland. His first schooling John Carroll received by his mother. In 1748 he was sent at the age of twelve years at the Jesuit school of St. Omer in northern France in 1753 and joined in on the Jesuit Order. On 14 February 1761, he was ordained a priest in Liege and taught philosophy from 1762 onwards at the English College in Liège and later in Bruges. Carroll taught and preached almost until his 40th birthday in Europe.

After the dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 by Pope Clement XIV Carroll returned to Maryland and came here in the American Revolution. 1776, he was sent by the Continental Congress, along with Benjamin Franklin and his cousin Charles Carroll to a diplomatic mission to Canada. They wanted to win the Canadians for an alliance against the British colonial power. The mission failed and Canada remained a British colony.

John Carroll supported the American War of Independence, for he saw in the liberation of England, especially the chance to freedom of religion for American Catholics, who in 1783 actually enshrined in the Declaration of Independence.

From the Holy See he was appointed on June 9, 1784 to the head of the missions in the provinces of the new Republic of the United States of North America. The documents reached him on 26 November 1784 which is regarded as the establishment date of the Apostolic Prefecture. With the support of Benjamin Franklin Carroll later worked on the establishment of a Catholic hierarchy for the United States. 1789 Baltimore City be the first diocese in the United States was raised and he ordained its first bishop. The episcopal ordination took place on August 15, 1790 in England by the Apostolic Vicar of West England, Charles Walmesley. As Baltimore was elevated to archbishopric in 1808, Carroll consecrated the bishops of the four suffragan Philadelphia, New York, Boston and Bardstown, Kentucky. 1809 encouraged Carroll Elizabeth Seton, the first saint of the United States, establishing the Sisters of Charity.

Carroll remained until his death on December 3, 1815 Office of the Archbishop and achieved much for the Catholics of the fledgling United States. In particular, the education of the people and the Catholic clergy to his heart. In addition to numerous schools founded Carroll Georgetown University (1789 ) until today is America's first Catholic education address.

From 1 September 1805 to 1812 he also served as Apostolic Administrator of the Apostolic Vicariate of Louisiana and the Two Floridas.

Family

Various representatives of the extended family of John Carroll had held important political posts and played a major role in the colonial history of Maryland.

John's grandfather, who was known as the " Founder " was, emigrated in 1688 because of strict laws Catholics from Ireland to Maryland and served since Charles Calvert, the third Lord Baltimore, as a military officer.

John's older brother Daniel Carroll (1730-1796) was one of the signers of the Constitution of the United States.

Through his father John Carroll is related to the well-known in the U.S. Carroll Clan of Baltimore. His cousin Charles Carroll (1737-1832) was a co-signer of the Declaration of Independence of 1776.

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