José Bonifácio de Andrada
José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (also ... ... Andrade, born June 13, 1763 in Santos, † April 6, 1838 in Niterói ) was a Brazilian mineralogist and statesman.
Life
Andrada e Silva studied in Coimbra Portuguese law and natural sciences. From 1790 he undertook with a royal scholarship a ten-year education and research trip through Europe. He formed, including under Abraham Gottlob Werner at Freiberg, Mount officials, made the acquaintance of Alexander von Humboldt, heard lectures by Alessandro Volta in Pavia. On a trip to Sweden he discovered several minerals, which he described in 1800 as the first, including the Petalitos in which the Swedish chemist Johan August Arfwedson should 1817 discover the element lithium, said of him Wernerite scapolite and said of him Coccolit diopside. Back at the University of Coimbra in 1801 he received the structures created for him the chair of geology and has been appointed general manager of the Portuguese mining industry.
After he fought during the French invasion in the ranks of the Portuguese patriots, he moved in 1819 to Brazil over. Here he turned in 1821 to the top of the independence movement in São Paulo, was vice president and handed over on 1 January 1822 the head of a deputation from the address written by him, which asked the prince Pedro to stay in Brazil. Then he came on January 16, as interior minister at the head of the administration, but ran in consultancy of the new basic Constitution in battle with the Republican Party and as a result submitted with his colleagues October 25 his resignation.
Already on 30 October, he was appointed to the Ministry after demands from the people again. In 1823 he also received the assembled estates seat and vote and put it through here that the secret societies banned and strict measures against the Republican party -goers were taken.
Forced by his opponents to resign on July 17, 1823 again, he fought in the chambers of the new ministry and protested against the violent resolution of the General Assembly on November 12. He was therefore arrested with his brothers and embarked for Europe. While the former went to Bordeaux and until their return later lived there the sciences, he won again the confidence of the Emperor, so that this, as he renounced him on April 7, 1831 in favor of his son Dom Peter II to the throne of Brazil, appointed guardian of the latter. Dismissed in 1834 due to a Volkstumults by the regency of the guardianship to Andrada e Silva withdrew into private life. He died on 5 April 1838 in Rio de Janeiro. He was a member of the League of Freemasons.
His younger brother Carlo Antonio was also a politician. The third brother Martim Francisco de Andrada e Silva, was minister of the interior, and died on February 23, 1844 in Santos. The two sons of the latter, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva and Martim Francisco de Andrada e Silva, became famous as a poet, the former by Rosas e goivos (São Paulo, 1849), the latter by Lagrimas e Sorrisos (Rio de Janeiro, 1847 ) and a drama: Januario Garcia (Rio de Janeiro, 1849).