José Carlos Mariátegui

José Carlos Mariátegui La Chira ( born June 14, 1894 in Moquegua, † April 16, 1930 in Lima ), called José Carlos Mariátegui was a Peruvian journalist, author, philosopher and politician Marxian idea content. Mariátegui was a 1928 co-founded the Partido Socialista del Perú ( PSP). Special importance came to his reception about Marxism. With them he was the first who wanted to apply these principles of Marxism to Peru. Outside Latin America, he never achieved a greater awareness, nevertheless Tom O'Lincoln evaluated its role within the regional revolutionary history as significant.

• 3.1 German -language translations

Life

Mariátegui was born the son of Maria Amalia La Chira Ballejos and Francisco Javier Requejo MARIATEGUI in Moquegua. He had two siblings, the children's father left the family quite early, so that his mother was forced to saw with the children to move to Lima, in order to ensure the survival, since the family had to live in great poverty. After a school accident in 1902, he was admitted to Lima in a hospital, the recovery time was four years. As a result, problems remained with his leg and the thwarting of another education. 1908 Mariátegui was 14 -year-old office boy for a newspaper, in which he wrote an article in 1914 under the pseudonym Juan Croniqueur. This affinity to the medium of the newspaper had him up to the year 1919 in the newspapers La Prensa, El Tiempo and La Razon arbeiten.In this time was also his first approach to socialism, as La Razon was considered a leftist, he said in 1919 also the first time during a strike to the strikers, at the same time meant this realignment to the left and the end of his membership of the fin de siècle movement. On a funded by a grant from Europe via France, Germany, Austria, Italy and other countries in the years 1919-1923 he spent most of the time in Italy, where he also married. During this time he came with communist leaders and thinkers such as Henri Barbuse, Antonio Gramsci or Maksim Gorky in touch that influenced him greatly. When he returned to Peru in 1923, he founded the magazine as a journalist Amauta, whose editor he was up to his death. He was also in 1928 additionally the magazine's editor laboratory, with whom he wanted to achieve the organization of the workers.

Political commitment

On his trip to Europe Mariátegui first came with sozialrevolutionärem ideas in conjunction, so that he participated in Peru at the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana ( APRA ) under the leadership of Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre, until it in 1928 with the Partido Socialista del Perú his founded his own party, because he did not want to endorse the course of the Stalinization.

Setting

Mariátegui argued that a revolution in Peru only with the elimination of the middle class is possible, since this would have to be strong contacts with all other counter-revolutionary classes. The only way is the, an anti- capitalist, anti-imperialist revolution, its aim must be an agricultural state. With this theory he reached forward André Gunder Frank's dependency theory by years. He regarded himself as a socialist and a Marxist. Politically he was close, according to the Partido Aprista Peruano the 3rd International.

Importance

Jose Arico claimed Mariáteguis work (...) remains, fifty years after its publication, the only really significant theoretical work of Latin American Marxism ( German: (...) remains, 50 years after its release, the single most important theoretical work of Latin American Marxism ). This appreciation Mariáteguis is also reflected in the Peruvian political landscape. Thus, the Maoist guerrilla group Partido Comunista del Perú leads - por el Sendero Luminoso de José Carlos Mariátegui ( German: Communist Party of Peru - Shining on the road José Carlos Mariáteguis ) its name back to him. Partido Comunista Peruano In addition, the appeals to Mariátegui, since he had even established their party of origin, the PSP; the renaming took place a few months after his death. Moreover, in Cuba there is a association of Peruvian students, which is called honor Mariáteguis José Carlos Mariátegui Movimiento.

Works

• 25 años de sucesos extranjeros, Lima: Ed. Palabra, 1945.
• Defensa del Marxismo: polémica revolucionaria, Lima: Biblioteca Amauta, 1967.
• Crítica literaria, Buenos Aires: Jorge Alvarez, 1969.
• Ideologia y política, Lima: Amauta, 1971.
• La escena contemporánea, Lima: Amauta, 1976.
• Correspondencia, Lima: Amauta, 1984.

German -language translations

• Peruvian revolution and reality: selected political writings, Frankfurt am Main: Isp -Verlag, 1986, ISBN 3-88332-104-4.
• Seven attempts to understand the Peruvian reality, Berlin. Argument, ISBN 3-88619-360-8, 1986 ( orig.: Siete ensayos of Interpretation de la realidad peruana, Lima: Amauta, 1952. )