José de Espronceda

José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado ( March 25, 1808 in Almendralejo ( Badajoz ), † May 23, 1842 in Madrid) was a Spanish poet of the Romantic period.

Life

José de Espronceda was already in the middle school at the Colegio de San Mateo Madrid chairman of the secret society " Los numantinos " (1823-1825) and was therefore banished as punishment for five years in a convent in Guadalajara. On various intrigues in the world of Spanish Freemasonry followed police persecution, imprisonment and finally in 1826 emigrated to Gibraltar, Lisbon, London, Brussels and Paris. He fell in love with the 16 -year-old Teresa Mancha, the daughter of liberal Oberts Epifanio Mancha, and went after her to London. Espronceda took an active part in the French July Revolution of 1830 and to a failed plot against Ferdinand VII after his return he found Teresa with a merchant named Guillermo del Amo married before, abducted her in 1831, it came to the birth of their daughter, Blanca. After the amnesty of 1833 Espronceda was able to return to Spain and 1841 Republican congressman, but he was always under police observation. Teresa left him in 1836 and soon died of tuberculosis. From then on, devoted Espronceda politics and journalism. Among other things, he was a member of the Spanish Cortes for the Partido Progresista.

He died at age 34 of diphtheria.

Work

Espronceda is a poet of despair and enthusiasm, often gimmicky and pathetic, but on the other hand, distinguish him great musicality and imagination. He practiced violent protest against the conservative society and therefore were often outsiders like the pirate, the beggar, the executioner, etc. a voice in his poems. His protagonists rebel against society and convention, he maintains an anarchic individualism à la Byron. Espronceda pioneered the dedicated literature (see his journalistic work, in particular the famous article "Libertad, Igualdad, Fraternity " of 1835). He founded the newspaper El Siglo, which fell victim to just 14 editions of the Spanish Censorship: The famous last edition consisted only of headings and white space.

Poetry

  • " Canción del pirata " 1830 ( Song of the pirates)
  • Canciones 1840, 5 Poems in conscious folk language, without regard to metric: " El canto del Cosaco ", " El mendigo ", " El reo de muerte ", " El verdugo ", "A Jarifa en una orgia "
  • " El estudiante de Salamanca " 1840 ( The Student of Salamanca): Tell the end poem, ballad.
  • El diablo mundo 1841 ( The World devil): Epic fragment with Faust theme in the famous " Canto a Teresa "

Secondary literature

  • Christoph Strosetzki: History of Spanish literature. 2nd edition. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1996, ISBN 3-484-50307-6.
  • Hans U. Gumbrecht: A history of Spanish literature. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-518-58062-0.
  • Martin Franz Bach: History of Spanish literature at a glance. Reclam, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-008861-5.
  • Hans -Jörg Neuschäfer: Spanish literary history. 2nd edition. Metzler, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-476-01857-1.
Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha Cortes Generales Anarchism Ibero-American Institute Berlin Integrated Authority File
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