José MarÃa Calatrava y Peinado
José María Calatrava ( born February 26, 1781 Mérida, † January 16, 1846 in Madrid) was a Spanish jurist, politician and Prime Minister of Spain (Presidente de Gobierno ).
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- 2.2 Notes and references
Biography
Studies and Spanish War of Independence
After his school education, he graduated in law.
During the time of the invasion of Spain by France and the Spanish War of Independence he was an active member of the Supreme Junta of Extremadura ( Junta Suprema de Extremadura ), the 1810 also elected him a member of the Cortes of Cadiz. After the restoration of the monarchy and the absolute power of King Ferdinand VII he was arrested and subsequently sentenced to a prison term in Melilla.
Spanish Revolution and Prime Minister
Only in the course of the Spanish Revolution of 1820 ( Trienio Liberal ) he was discharged due to an amnesty from prison and following it at first as a member of the Municipal Council of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Suprema de España) appointed. Between 1822 and 1823 ( Ministro de Gracia y Justicia ), he was then appointed Minister of appeals for clemency and justice. He was also a Member of Parliament ( Cortes ). After the end of this liberal three -year reign and the renewed power consolidation King Ferdinand VII he was with his brother Ramón María de Calatrava, a later Secretary of the Treasury, forced to go into exile in England.
Calatrava was able to return to Spain in September 1833 until 1834, after the death of King Ferdinand and the beginning of the reign of Queen Regent Maria Christina of Sicily. In 1836 he was re-appointed a judge of the Supreme Court.
On August 14, 1836, he was after the insurrection of La Granja de San Ildefonso as the successor of Francesco Xavier de Isturiz as Prime Minister of Spain (Presidente de Gobierno ) appointed. As such, he summoned immediately to complete Juan Álvarez Mendizábal to the Secretary of the Treasury to the reform of public property. At the same time his administration tried to make some changes to the Constitution on the French model. After little more than a year he was replaced on 18 August 1837 by Baldomero Espartero as Prime Minister. During his tenure, he was also responsible as Minister of State ( Ministerio de Estado ) for Foreign Affairs.
On September 22, 1837 he was elected Members of Parliament ( Congreso de los Deputies ), where he alternately represented the electoral districts of Madrid, Castellón and Badajoz until his death. At times he was from September to November 1839 as President of the Congress of Deputies worked and subsequently President of the Supreme Court.