José Pardo y Barreda
José Pardo y Barreda ( born February 24, 1864 in Lima, † August 3, 1947 in Miraflores ) was a Peruvian politician ( 1904-1908 and 1915-1919 ) was twice president of his country.
He was the son of Manuel Pardo (1872-1876) was President of Peru and had also founded the Partido Civil. José Pardo became the party leader and Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs was under the presidency of Eduardo López de Romaña.
After the death of Manuel Candamo Serapio Calderón was interim president and called new elections. The Partido Civil nominated José Pardo ( who was supported mainly by the so-called " Young Turks " in his party ) as candidates, while for the Democratic Party Nicolás de Piérola candidate, who but a week before the election, citing " lack of guarantees " withdrew from the race.
The term of office José Pardo was marked by a liberal policy. He urged a better education for all Peruvians. The basic education, which had been established by law in 1876 under Manuel Pardo, was under the responsibility of local authorities in the country. José Pardo decided to focus its judiciary and education minister with the problem.
The new law enacted in 1905 reformed the education system of the country and imputed it to the central government. It also put forward the principle of free and compulsory primary education, even in remote places such as towns and mines, Any place with more than 200 residents had to have a school for it. The Escuela Normal de Varones ( " Normal men School" ) was founded to train men teachers, as well as the " Normal School for Women " ( Escuela Normal de Mujeres ).
On the cultural level, he established among others, the National History Academy, the School of Fine Arts, the National Academy of Music and the National History Museum. Also, a higher military school was established.
In his second term, José Pardo had to cope with the consequences of the First World War in his country and was confronted with the demand of the labor movement for a eight-hour day. This was officially introduced on 15 January 1919.
Near the end of his term José Pardo was deposed by Augusto B. Leguía.