Josquin Desprez
Josquin Desprez (also Jossequin Lebloitte or Josquin des Préz or Josquinus pratensis, * 1450-1455 in Saint -Quentin, † August 27 1521 in Condé- sur- l'Escaut, France ) was a Franco- Flemish composer and singer.
Josquin Desprez mastered all the compositional techniques of the early Renaissance masterfully and is the most significant representatives of this time. He was a famous composer during his lifetime.
Life
Jossequin Lebloitte dit Desprez was probably around 1450 or a little later, the son of Gossard Lebloitte dit Desprez († 1466 (?) ) And his wife, maybe a Jeanne was born. His birthplace was probably in Hainault, probably in the vicinity of Saint- Quentin. Childhood and youth Josquin are not documented. Maybe he was a choirboy at Saint -Quentin. If referred to in the singer prayer Loyset Comperes " Josquin " is identical with our composer, he enjoyed before 1474, maybe even 1468 high esteem among his colleagues, because he is on a par with Antoine Busnoys, Johannes Ockeghem, Johannes Tinctoris, John Regis and Guillaume Fay called you.
When students Ockeghem Josquin was, is not known. As appears from the strikingly frequent use ockeghemscher topics in Josquin's early work, the Younger Ockeghem has greatly admired. After 1497 Josquin composed on the death of Ockeghem the Nänie NYMPHES des bois.
In April 1477 Josquin is documentary detectable as a member of the Chapel of residing in Aix -en- Provence Duke René of Anjou. This appointment was the latest since the beginning of 1475th In March 1478 Josquin the first free stipend at the collegiate Sainte- Maxes -du -Chateau in Bar- le- Duc was promised. Josquin did not occur at this stipend. When Duke René 1480 died and his duchies of Anjou and Bar to the French king Louis XI. fell, he took over the chapel of the deceased. Ludwig, suffered from a stroke in September 1481, was in the Sainte -Chapelle of the Royal Palace to Paris in the morning sing a donated by him daily Mass at seven clock of eight singers from the former chapel of the Duke. It is quite possible that Josquin was one of those singers. Apparently Josquin made the king with the motet Misericordias Domini on his talent carefully. Their text, the king had to write fifty huge parchments and hanged in the premises of his residence ( Plessis- lès -Tours ).
In the spring of 1483 to Josquin held on in Condé- sur- l'Escaut where he registered his claim to land, his uncle Gilles Lebloitte and his wife Jacque Banestone had inherited it. To mark this stay Josquin was a wine gift from the local main church of Notre -Dame.
1483/84 Josquin went to Italy, but not before 1459, accepted for how long. In the Josquin, who as Biscantor at Milan Cathedral was active around 1459 and belonged in the 1470s the court orchestra of the Milanese Duke, is the 1498 died Josquin de Kessalia (also Jodocus de Francia, de Alamania Joschino di Picardia ).
On June 19, 1484 Josquin in the household of the powerful Cardinal Ascagnio Sforza ( 1455-1505 ) is detectable. Josquin had applied for his sinecure at the Church Saint- Aubin with a request to the Curia to be relieved of duty and the residence of the official requirement of priesthood, and referred to on this occasion as capellanus et familiaris continuus commensualis of Ascagnio. As a prosecutor, he had a high official of the chancellery of Louis XI. mentioned. In August 1484 Ascagnio moved to Rome; Josquin seems to have accompanied him. But already in 1485 Josquin was involved in preparations to leave the household Ascagnios. Probably he was the Duke of Milan Gian Galeazzo Sforza (1469-1494), employment; at least he is mentioned in a document dated February 1489 " Singer of the Duke ."
1486 Josquin was a member of the Pontifical Kapellchores in Rome. He is listed there as a present from September 1486 to January 1487, in September 1487 and from June 1489 to March 1494. Various documents show that Josquin has the Pontifical chapel belongs at least until November 30, 1494, or even until February 28, 1495. His colleagues included, inter alia, Gaspar van Weerbeke and Marbriano de Orto.
During this time Josquin tried increasingly to benefices, which he himself did not hesitate litigation. So the dispute Josquin was negotiating a benefice in Saint- Aubin in February 1489 before the French Parliament. On September 9, 1489 Josquin received by papal decree retroactive to November 1, 1486 a stipend and a canonry in Saint- Omer, at the same time Expektanz (claim ) to a Benedictine monastery Saint -Ghislain belonging benefice. On November 8, 1493 began investigations against Emericus de Honstat, a chaplain at the Sanctuary of Basse- Yttre at Nivelles, had brought against the accusations of simony Josquin. In addition, they spoke Josquin two benefices at churches in Frasnes to. Finally, Josquin was retroactive to November 9, 1494 conferred the canonry and prebend of the Saint- Gery, Cambrai. However, it is unlikely that Josquin adopted one of these benefices.
After his time in Rome Josquin seems to have been in relation to the Burgundian court of Philip the Fair. It suggests the fact that he sent his Stabat mater 1495 the Archduke.
It seems that Josquin was no immediate employment in the north and it is not unlikely that he 1498/1499 again belonged to the household of Cardinal Ascagnio. In any case, a Juschino is mentioned in two letters, which was tasked to bring a pack of hounds to Rome.
Around 1500 Josquin seems some years a member of the court orchestra of the French King Louis XII. († 1515) to have been. Glarean reported Josquin was the motet Memor esto written verbi ( Remember the word), to remind the king of unpaid wages, the motet Bonitatem fecisti (You've done good ) but, to thank for the fulfillment of some promise. This could well have been the transfer of a Kanonikats in Saint -Quentin. That Josquin this actually held, it is clear from documents dated 30 May 1503. In addition, as further Glarean, Josquin wrote a piece in which he the low musical abilities of Louis XII. ( or rather Louis XI. ) have carried on joking manner statement.
In a letter dated August 14, 1502 Girolamo was doing Sestola ( Il Coglia ) the service of Sir Duke Ercole I d' Este of Ferrara († 1505) the proposal to give the orphaned Josquin since 1497 Office of the Court Kapellmeister. A little later, on 2 September 1502 recommended Gian di Artiganova, he also looking for a Kapellmeister, the appointing Heinrich Isaac, who for the post seemed willing and suitable and turned not so high salary demands as Josquin. The Duke decided to Josquin and granted from March 1503 this remuneration. But until the end of April 1503 met Josquin, coming from France, in Ferrara. In the summer of 1503 there broke out the plague, which is why the Duke moved his court to Comacchio in September. The epidemic lasted until early 1504, but later broke out again and again. This was perhaps the reason why Josquin Ferrara already left after a year. For the Duke Josquin has composed his Miserere.
On May 3, 1504 mentions the inclusion of four new canons at the launch of a new spire of Notre Dame in Condé- sur- l'Escaut, among them Monsieur le prevost messire Josse de pres. At this church Josquin had entertained no later than the 1470s - years of close relations, even here recently acquired through an exchange with his Präbande in Saint -Quentin, a benefice. As provost Josquin held the secular power within the district. The service was held here at a greater expense than in other churches of the same rank. The choir comprised 16 vicars and six choristers, which allowed the performance of six part music.
From Josquin's last stage of life little is known. On May 23, 1508 divided the chapter of the regent of the Netherlands, Margaret of Austria, with that Josquin to rejoice in good health. Apparently, it was assumed at the court of Margaret assume that the deceased on May 20, 1508 Duwez had been until his death provost in Condé. This suggests that Margaret Josquin did not know and had no ideas of his stay. In May 1509 Josquin was negotiating with Rome because of a benefice in Arras, in January 1513 because of a benefice in Tournai. 1519 Margaret Josquin asked to work for the establishment of Jehan Lommel as dean in Condé.
On August 23, 1521 went to city officials Condé Josquin to verify the legitimacy of his claim to inherit certain rights. Josquin said of himself that he was a foreigner from the other side of the river Noir Eauwe ( [ Eau Noire ] ), that came from across the border. On August 27, 1521 Josquin Desprez died. He inherited the Notre Dame a house and land in Condé with the condition of it to finance the cost of various memorial services. This consisted of Marian feast days and Saturdays of the year every night to celebrate the Salve and to intone during the general processions composed by him motet Pater noster / Ave Maria in front of his house, which was located on the Market Square. Josquin was buried in Condé- sur- l'Escaut (France), destroyed his grave in 1793.