Jüdischer Kulturbund
The Cultural Association of German Jews was a Jewish initiators launched self-help organization for affected by the prohibition Jewish artist in Nazi Germany. The authorities of the Cultural Alliance tolerated until 1941 was used to control and isolate the Jewish artist.
History
The Cultural Association was in Berlin, founded in July 1933 in response to the previously effected dismissals of Jewish artists from the state cultural institutions that occurred after the stipulations of Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service. Initiators of the covenant, the first of the name Culture Association of German Jews wore in 1933, was the director Kurt Baumann and the neurologist, musicologist and former director of the Charlottenburg Opera Kurt Singer. In the early years the Berlin Cultural Association occurred in about 20,000 members.
As a product exclusion and self-help organization, the federal government had, from the Jewish side, nothing to do with the special " Jewish " art will, which attributed the Nazis later the federal government propaganda. Financed by membership fees covenant should give the unemployed artists primarily new livelihoods. The original designation Cultural Alliance German Jews soon had to be abandoned as a link between the words and was " German " "Jewish" politically undesirable.
Following the example of the Berlin foundation followed Kulturbiinde in numerous other cities. In 1935 there were more than 36 regional and local Kulturbiinde with about 70,000 members. The individual frets were forced to band together to August 1935 at the National Association of Jewish culture in Germany frets ( RJK). The RJK was placed under the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. The events of the covenant that were censored and were monitored by the Gestapo, had to be approved by the Reich Culture Walter Hans Hinkel individually. To ensure the activities of the Cultural frets, the RJK self-censorship set up beyond. In July 1937, were under the umbrella of RJK 120 independent organizations, including synagogues and cultural associations, united.
Events of the Cultural Alliance took place mainly in Berlin almost daily. 1933-1935 was the Berlin theater their venue. In 1935, the Berlin Cultural Alliance Opera was founded under the direction of Dr. Kurt Singer. The Hamburg Cultural Association has been very active. The event program included theater and opera performances, concerts, cabaret shows, film screenings, lectures and exhibitions. To each exchange between the Jewish and to prevent the non-Jewish world of culture, non-Jews were not admitted as a visitor or as participants in the events of the Cultural Alliance. Also, the Cultural Association was allowed as part of its events increasingly rare works of such authors and composers perform that were considered particularly " German ". Within the Jewish public has been controversial about this situation of a spiritual ghetto.
After the Kristallnacht in 1938, most of the facilities were forced to close. Only the Berlin Cultural Alliance received for reasons of propaganda of Joseph Goebbels permission to continue sitting. The RJK was dissolved in 1939, his place was the substance that results from the Berlin Cultural Association "Jewish Cultural Association in Germany eV ", which was responsible for all Jewish cultural events and even performed. Outside of Berlin thus found only infrequent events. The flight of many important Jewish artists contributed a rest at the going down of the Cultural Alliance. On September 11, 1941, the federal government was dissolved by the Gestapo. Many of its members and officials, including the founder, Kurt Singer, were deported and murdered.