Julius FuÄÃk (journalist)
Julius Fučík ( born February 23, 1903 in Prague, † September 8, 1943 in Berlin- Plotzensee ) was a Czech writer, journalist and communist cultural policy.
Life
1913 moved Fučík, a nephew of the composer Julius Fučík, with his family from Prague to Pilsen, where he attended the public junior high school. The age of twelve he planned the establishment of a newspaper called Slovan ( The Slav ). He was both political and literary interests.
In 1920 he began studying in Prague and joined the Social Democratic Workers' Party, where he was the flow of the "left " attributable. Of May 1921 this wing founded the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia ( CPC-S ). Fučík then wrote his first cultural contributions to the local party newspaper of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Pilsen. After the completion of studies Fučík found a job as editor of the literary newspaper Kmen ( The tribe ). Within the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, he was responsible for cultural work. In 1929 he went to the magazine of the literary critic František Xaver Šalda Tvorba ( The Creation ). He was also a regular contributor to the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Newspaper Rudé právo. During this time there have been repeated detentions Fucik by the Czechoslovak secret police.
In 1930 he attended for four months, the Soviet Union and described the situation there very positive. In 1934 he went again, this time for two years in the Soviet Union and wrote reports, which in turn had a strong partisan. After his return, made violent clashes with authors such as Jiří Weil and Jan Slavik, who criticized the Stalinist developments. Fučík stood behind the Soviet Union and criticized the arguments of such critics as disastrous.
After the Munich Agreement, the Prague government put a stop to the activities of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from September 1938 largely. Fučík now published under a pseudonym in bourgeois papers mainly on historical topics. After the invasion of the troops of Nazi Germany in March 1939 committed Fučík in the resistance movement. At times, he lived with his family now in Chotiměř. Later he went disguised as Professor Horák to Prague. From the spring of 1941, he belonged to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He created flyers and tried the Communist Party newspaper Rudé právo publish regularly. Under his leadership, the popular weekly Tvorba appeared.
On 24 April 1942 he was in Prague, probably by chance during a raid arrested. First, he was imprisoned in Pankrác and also interrogated and tortured. During this time his report was written under the train, which was smuggled by the guards Kolínský Adolf and Josef Hora from prison. During the communist rule only an abbreviated version could appear, 1995 was the first time a complete version of the work. The book is the most translated work in the Czech language. In nearly 90 languages around 300 editions have been published. In later years, the authenticity has been disputed. Meanwhile, the authenticity, however, was scientifically proven.
In May 1943, he was deported to Germany. For a little more than two months he was only in prison Bautzen, then imprisoned in Berlin. In Berlin he was accused of high treason. The chairman of the court led the notorious Roland freisler. Fučík received the death penalty, which was enforced on September 8, 1943 in Plotzensee.
Honors
In socialist countries, many roads and public facilities were named after Fučík. After the collapse of socialism, however, mostly renaming occurred. For example, a primary school was in Berlin -Pankow until shortly after the reunification named after him, which was then renamed 1st primary school of Pankow.
In Pankow, there is still a monument of Julius Fučík in Berlin- Pankow public park. It consists of five to about eight feet high concrete columns and in the center of the face of Julius Fučík can be seen (see bust above). The caption reads: " People, I love you, be watchful. " In German, Russian and Czech, wrote a quote from the report under the train. There is an annual memorial run in honor of Julius Fucik in the public park. The above quote still stands in the cemetery Ohlsdorf in Hamburg, at the entrance of Honor grove Hamburger resistance fighters, as well as on a memorial stone in front of the bathhouse at Goor Putbus on Rügen.
The former Stübel Square in Dresden in 1951 renamed Fucikplatz. There is still the Julius Fučík Memorial. It was erected on the 20th anniversary of the death Fucik on 8 September 1963. The square itself is named after the Strasbourg court since 1991. More awareness gained the name Fucik's also the fact that after the court exhibition center Fucikplatz was named.
In cooling Born a rest home after Julius Fučík was named. The building has since been demolished.
Works
- V zemi, kde Zitra Jiz znamená včera ( A world in which the story is already morning ). 1932
- Reportáž psaná na oprátce. 1945 (Eds.: Gusta Fučíkova ). German translation: report written under the strand, Globe Verlag, Wien 1946, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1947; Verlag Volk und Welt, Berlin 1973; Publisher Pahl - Rugenstein, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-89144-272-6