Juraj Haulik

Juraj Haulika of Váralya ( born April 20, 1788 in Trnava, † May 11, 1869 in Zagreb ) was the first Archbishop of Zagreb, and Cardinal of the Catholic Church. At times, he knew the business of the Croatian Bans and was the highest representative of the country.

Haulika was of Slovak origin and an important patron of the Slovak and especially the Croatian national movement. He led Croatian as a language of instruction in Catholic schools and founded a company that organized the publication of Croatian books and promoted. He was also involved in the founding of Matica Hrvatska.

Training and personal development in service to Church and State

Juraj Haulika spent his youth mostly in Esztergom, where his father held a civil office. He graduated first in his time to the Kingdom of Hungary belonging birthplace Trnava, then in Gyor and finally at the Vienna Pazmaneum philosophy and theology before he was ordained a priest in 1811. At first he worked as a priest in Komárom.

Since 1814, he quickly rose to the archbishop's administration of the Hungarian Primate Alexander Rudnay, where he successively held various offices. 1819 Haulika put off his doctorate in theology. Since 1825 he worked as a canon in Gran. He was an advisor to the Hungarian royal governor in council oven and the Hungarian Royal Chancellery in Vienna. In furnace was Haulika co-founder of Spolok milovníkov Reci a literatúry slovenskej, a Slovak literary society.

Because of his excellent skills in administration and his politically conservative and loyal Habsburg sentiments he was in 1830 appointed by the Emperor Ferdinand of Hungary Statthaltereirat and at the same time the collection was made titular bishop of Pristin. The following year he was also a trainee at the Hungarian Court Chancellery.

Bishop and Archbishop of Zagreb

With the appointment as United provost at the Zagreb Cathedral began in 1832 Hauliks work in Croatia. In 1837 he was appointed bishop of the Croatian capital. The introduction to his episcopate fell in the early days of the Croatian national movement: on the one hand, tried the corporative state parliament of Croatia in the conflict with the Hungarian Parliament to reactivate old autonomy, on the other hand, national activists had initiated a cultural movement in the center of which was the promotion of the national language to was taught then, neither in school nor even used by the authorities and has also been used only rarely in the literature. The come from Slovakia bishop soon identified himself with the cultural and linguistic efforts of the so-called Illyrian movement and supported them morally and financially. In parliament, he expressed sympathy for the demands addressed to Hungary the National Party, but he also had a moderating effect on this one, so that he was entrusted by the government in Vienna in 1840 as deputy ( Banal Locumtenens ) with the tasks of ( vakaten ) Banus. In his two -year first term, he advocated the introduction of the Croatian as a language of instruction.

The Hungarian party in Vienna succeeded increasingly make their voices heard. Your as well as the imperial court were the Slavic national movements as a threat to the unity of the Habsburg monarchy. On September 7, 1842 finally Ferenc Haller was appointed Ban, who set out to Magyarize Croatia to finally be able to strip all the rights of autonomy and integrate than ordinary province more firmly in the Hungarian state. The hard Regiment Haller led to great discord among the Croats and 1845 to open resistance in Zagreb, with its suppression also fatalities were lost. Finally, Haller was completely discredited as Ban and resigned in October 1845. Again Bishop Haulika was entrusted with the representation. During this second representation of the parliament of the Latin joined the Croatian language used. His careful guidance office had a decisive role in ensuring that the Croats decided during the Revolution for the Viennese court and against Hungary. Not least because it dealt with the Hungarian revolutionary government under Lajos Kossuth as Public Enemy and dispossessed his estates in Hungary.

When the Revolution broke out, the officer Josip Jelacic was appointed Banus on March 23, 1848. Haulika cared now strengthened by his ministry. In agreement with the newly appointed Banus, he knew enforce in Vienna and Rome that the Croatian dioceses of the Ecclesiastical Province of Kalocsa Hungarian were extracted and Zagreb was elevated to archdiocese. Officially took Rome the collection to an archbishopric in 1852. Thus was the independence of the Croatian church was more or less the only lasting political success of the Croatian national movement from the revolutionary period, which is also in the period of neo-absolutism had stock. In the consistory of June 16, 1856 Haulika was recommended by the Vienna Court of Pope Pius IX. elevated to cardinal priest with the titular church of Santi Quirico e Giulitta. 1860/61 to Haulika continued to ensure that the Sabor representatives sent in the extended Imperial Council in Vienna, which was done. Haulika died in 1869 after 32 years in the episcopate, his tomb is located in the Zagreb Cathedral.

The Bishop as a patron

Hauliks ecclesiastical offices, in particular the Bishop of Zagreb were well endowed and enabled him an extensive patronage. The bishop and cardinal promoted art and culture, education and care for the poor. Haulika, founded two schools, sat scholarships for needy students and supported the building of several parish churches. In 1846 he founded the Banat on one of his possessions a new settlement, the. Named after him Haulikfalva, now a part of the Romanian community Periam 1858, Haulika a foundation for needy widows. In Zagreb he left the cathedral artistic precise and more donated their neo-Gothic main altar. The expansion of the Maksimir Park in the Croatian capital goes back to Haulika. The establishment of the South Slavic Academy he supported in 1866 with 10,000 guilders. In 1868 he founded the Literary Club of St.. Jerome ( kroat. Književno društvo sv. Jeronima ).

In his will, he pulled out all the major cities of Croatia - Slavonia as an heir that should convert their assigned assets ( total of 80,000 guilders) in foundations for needy citizens.

Works

• Dictio excellentissimi, Illustrissimi, ac reverendissimi domini Georgii Haulika de Várallya, dei et apostilicae sedis gratia episcopi Zagrabiensis, ... ad status & ordines regnicolariter congregatos, pronunciata the 18th Octobris 1847. Zagreb 1847
• Selectiores encyclicae literae et dictiones sacrae. 7 vols Vienna 1850-1867 ( Pastoral Letters and circulars )
• Georg Haulika de Vorallya: Austria Concordat of State. Vienna 1859
• Georg Haulika of Varallya: The authority as a principle of order and well-being in church, state and family. Vienna 1865
• Georg Haulika of Varallya: The Freedom of moral and socialer relationship. Pastoral letter. Agram 1868