Juxia

Skull of Juxia

• East Asia (northern China)
• South Asia (northern India)

• Juxia sharamurenense Chow & Chiu, 1964

Juxia is an extinct genus of odd-toed ungulates of the subfamily of Indricotheriinae. This subfamily comprised partly large to very large odd-toed ungulates that belong to the immediate family of rhinos, Juxia was but a rather smaller representative. The genus lived 41-37 million years ago in the middle and late Eocene and has only been found in China and northern India.

Features

Juxia belonged to the smaller Indricotherien ( Indricotheriinae ), its extent reached only about half that of the giant Paraceratheriums. Like this it had long limbs and a long neck. The incomplete traditional skull was about 60 cm long. It is narrow and elongated, and had a significantly trained sagittal crest. The nose was also extended, but poorly developed and therefore contributed to other Indricotherien no horn. The premaxillae had no contact with the nasal bone. The occiput was slightly extended and more rectangular in shape. The front line was clearly convex.

The lower jaw had a narrow shape with a short symphysis, which reached up to the first premolar. The bit included with the dental formula the complete dentition of the original mammals. The incisors were not very specialized, only the inner tooth pair was slightly larger, but does not increase so much that it made clear tusks as in the later Indricotherien. Each tooth of the front teeth stood at a certain distance from the other, between the canine and the first premolar was a significant diastema. The latter was very small, while the next increased significantly in size.

The postcranial skeleton is not completely preserved. The cervical vertebrae were significantly stretched and so brought about the long neck of the animal. As with the other Indricotherien the radius was significantly longer than the humerus. The former measure 61 cm, 49 cm latter. The ratio of these two bones to each other can be close to a well-trained runners. The femur reached over 60 cm, the tibia 59 cm. The long bones were compared with those of related large Indricotherien significantly more graceful and in relation to total body longer. The limbs ended in three toes, of which the middle ( Metapodium III ) was the largest, while the two much smaller (II and IV ) each side ansetzten. However, the front feet still had an additional fourth, reduced toe. The metapodials were likewise slim, but had no lateral narrowed zones as in the other Indricotherien on.

Fossil finds

The genus Juxia has been detected only in northern China and Mongolia. The fossil record is sparse. The first evidence comes from the 1920s, collected during expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History in Mongolia, but were not detected until later than Juxia belonging. The Fund is best obtained is a partial skeleton from Ula Usu in the interior; Mongolia, which was discovered in 1959 during an expedition of scientists from China and the Soviet Union in the Shara- Moron lineup. This finding has a späteozänes age and includes a damaged skull, the lower jaw and numerous skeletal remains of the musculoskeletal system and the remains of the spine and provides the Erstbeleg the genus dar. From the same region derived some additional upper jaw fragments. Other finds, especially isolated teeth, are from the Hedi Formation in Yuanqu Basin in Shanxi Province, dating to the late Middle Eocene. A fragmented skull came in Liyan Basin in Indian Ladakh to the fore, the discovery site in present-day Himalayas was originally 3000 to 3500 m deep.

System

Juxia one of the Indricotheriinae, which in turn constitute a subfamily of Hyracodontidae. These are the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea assigned and are thus closely related to the modern rhinos. Of the rhinos, the Hyracodontidae differ by training each of a pair of dagger -like incisors in the upper and lower jaw, while the rhinos have only one such pair in the lower jaw.

Within the Indricotherien provides Juxia a basal ( primitive ) representatives dar. This is especially the full, unreduced mammalian dentition, which hardly specialized incisors and the generally small and slender body with long limbs. It was probably out of the mitteleozänen pony big Forstercooperia and came mainly found in the late Middle Eocene and Späteozän before 40-34 million years ago. To his followers, including the gigantic genera Urtinotherium and Paraceratherium. The latter represents the largest known land mammal of the earth's

Was first described in 1964 by the Chinese paleontologist Juxia Chow Chiu Chan - siang Minna and using the partial skeleton from the Shara- Muren lineup. Here is the Latinized version of the Juxia Chinese words Ju -xi, which means " giant rhinoceros ". Only today recognized species is J. sharamurenense, where the name applies to the situation of the partial skeleton in the same geological formation. Originally with borissiaki J. and J. shoui two other species have been described, but these were largely sharamurense synonymized with J..