KaidÅ
Kaidō (Japanese街道, German road or海道, dt sea, suffix ) called in Japan an itinerary of historical time.
The first roads were already created in the Asuka period after the Chinese model. This system was as Gokishichidō (五 畿 七 道, dt Five Provinces of Kinai and seven roads) designated. Reference point was the capital, first Asuka- kyō ( Asuka ), then Heijo - kyō ( Nara ), then Heian - kyō ( Kyoto ). The roads should facilitate campaigns, enable effective management and promote trade. The highways also served as the name of the outer provinces.
- Tōkaidō (东海 道)
- Tosando (东山 道)
- Hokurikudō (北 陆 道)
- Sanindō (山 阴道)
- Sanyōdō (山阳 道)
- Nankaido (南海 道)
- Saikaidō (西海 道)
In the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate built new roads, the so-called five roads (五 街道, gokaidō ). The five roads are:
- Tōkaidō (东海 道): Coastal road from Edo to Kyoto
- Nakasendō (中山 道): Mountain road from Edo to Kyoto
- Kōshū Kaidō (甲 州 街道): from Edo to Kōfu in Kōshū
- Ōshū Kaidō (奥 州 街道): from Edo to Shirakawa in Ōshū
- Nikko Kaidō (日光 街道): from Edo to Nikko
In the Edo period, the streets became more important as the system of sankin Kótai the Daimyo forced to regularly travel with a large entourage to Edo. Along the streets emerged Hostels (本 阵honjin ) and castles, the germinal cells for settlements and towns were.
Even today, follow the railway lines and highways to the course of Kaidō. Tōkaidō now referred to the National Highway 1, which connects Tokyo and Osaka. The Hakone checkpoint had particular significance because he separated the country into regions Kanto and Kansai. In order to allow effective control of tourism, it was forbidden to bypass on the way from one province to the next the checkpoints. Tough penalties as crucifixion threatened with infringement.
The art of the Edo period discussed traveling on major roads in pictures and poems. The well-known primarily for his haiku poet Matsuo Basho devoted his journey on the Ōshū Kaidō the book " Oku no hosomichi ".
- Highway
- Altstrasse
- Geography (Japan)
- Japanese history
- Road in Japan