Kali turgida
Potash - salt herb ( Kali turgida )
The potash - salt herb ( Kali turgida ), also referred to as Kalikraut or beach - salt herb, is a species of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family of Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). Due to its high content of alkali metal salts, it was once used for the production of potash, and washing soda.
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Description
Appearance
The potash - salt herb grows as an annual, summer annual herbaceous plant that reaches a height of 15 to 60 centimeters. The usually low -lying, sometimes erect fleshy stem is loose branchy branches gray-green to reddish, glabrous or short bristly hairy and spread from the foundation to bushy.
The leaves are seated in the lower stem region opposite, arranged opposite one another in the upper stem section. The fleshy, thickened, widened at the base of the leaf blade is hairy bristly. The simple leaf blade has a length of 1 to 2 cm and a width of 1-2 mm. The shape varies from linear to pfriemförmig. The translucent blade tip is designed significantly mucronate. The transparent leaf margin is entire.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
One to three flowers are in the armpit of a stachelspitzigen supporting sheet over two long and thorny pointed continue reading. The bracteoles are fused with the perianth.
The hermaphrodite flowers are inconspicuous greenish (rarely reddish). The perianth consists of a circle of five unequal broad, pointed - oval tepals, which at their backs a cross keel. There are five standing in front of the tepals stamens present. The Upper constant ovary bears two filiform scars. The potash - salt herb blooms from July to September.
The fruit, nut crops, remain enclosed by the perianth. From the cross keel of the Perigonzipfel grow short, coarse, almost opaque wings without conspicuous nerves. Due to the strong emerging, upward thorny tapered center rib, the bawdy Tepalenzipfel tend rigidly upright together over the fruit.
Chromosome number
The chromosome number is 2n = 36
Ecology
The potash - salt herb follows the C4 pathway of photosynthesis.
According to Kugler, the flowers of the potash salt correspond to the wind-pollinated herb from Immovable type. Characteristic of this sessile, immobile flowers and stiff stamens apply.
The potash - salt herb offers no nectar. Pollination is about the wind ( Anemogamie ), but often also by self-pollination and insects. Typical pollinators are kurzrüsselige bees, syrphid, beetles, flies.
Propagation units are laid surrounded and crowned by the perianth nuts. Up to 250,000 fruits are formed per plant. The plants break off in the fall on a ground-level breaking point and rolled together with the fruits of strong winds as a " floor runners " and " steppe Roller" on the ground. For America it is known that arise in this way formations that can reach the size of a small car. Over time, the fruits fall out. To this end, the fruit spread as stepping Hafter and Klebhafter and by the wind as well as water wings flyer Hafter; also spread by humans takes place. The fruits are heat to germinate.
Toxicity
All plant parts are poisonous. Main ingredients are the alkaloids Tertrahydroisochinolin salsoline and salsolidine present as a racemic mixture. Furthermore you can find oxalic acid and sodium oxalate.
Salsoline a similar effect on the vessels of the papaverine, in its effect on the smooth muscle of the uterus to the hydrastinine. After Krylov et al. act salsoline and particularly Salsolodin vasodilator. In köheren doses lead to a strong decrease in blood pressure. Both agents stimulate respiration, but at higher doses, cardiac arrhythmias occur after 10 to 15 minutes.
Occurrence
The potash - salt herb comes in Europe, of course, on the shores of the Baltic, North Sea and Atlantic Ocean off, as in Northern Europe in Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway, in Central Europe in Germany and the Netherlands, Eastern Europe in Poland, the Baltic States and Russia, in Western and Southern Europe in France, Spain, Portugal and Italy.
The potash - salt herb thrives in salty, sandy coastal sites, for example in Spülsaumgesellschaften and on dunes. When finds in the Mediterranean and inland, this concerns mostly Ruthe African herb salt ( Kali tragus ), which is able to compete on non-salt- affected sites. Information neophytic deposits in North America are not supported by herbarium specimens.
In Germany, the potash salt herb is nationwide safely. However, in Lower Saxony, Hamburg and Mecklenburg -Western Pomerania, it is considered endangered ( Red List of Threatened Species 3).
System
The first publication of this kind took place in 1753 under the name ( basionym ) Salsola kali by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. Under this name, this kind long time belonged to the genus Salsola L. sl
After Salsola, was the basis of recent molecular genetic -based studies of the tribe Salsoleae sl, divided, this kind Mill (. . Syn: Salsola sect Kali Dum) was in the genus Kali asked. The valid name of the potassium salt herb in this genus is Kali turgida ( Dumort. ) Guterm. ( Basionym: .. Salsola turgida Dumort, Fl Belgica 23, 1827). Because the name initially used potash soda Moench due to the older, legitimate priority Homonyms potash soda Scop, which is a synonym of Salsola soda, is invalid. The genus Kali is now in the tribe Salsoleae s.str.
The potash - salt herb together with Kali tragus and other closely related species, the Kali turgida aggregate ( Salsola kali - aggregate). Some authors, these clans were regarded as a subspecies of Salsola kali, therefore corresponds Kali turgida only the subspecies Salsola kali subsp. kali. In the genus Kali the name priority is changed to the name Kali tragus, the Kali turgida would be classified as subspecies.
Use
The potash - salt herb contains a high proportion of alkaline salts of sodium and potassium. Previously, potash, and washing soda were recovered from plant parts. For this purpose, the plant was harvested, dried and burned. The case austropfende brine was collected in a pit and used for the production of soap and glass.
Young leaves can be picked and used as a salad or vegetables.
Fresh pressed juice from the potash - salt herb was once in folk medicine as a diuretic.