Lactarius deliciosus
Precious saffron milk cap ( Lactarius deliciosus )
The precious saffron milk cap or True saffron milk cap ( Lactarius deliciosus ) is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandte ( Russulaceae ). A characteristic feature of the precious Reizkers is the emerging on sites of injury latex, which is vividly colored and orange unchanged in contrast to other irritants core. The Latin species name deliciosus means " delicious ". The German name Reizker is a word of Slavic origin and can be translated as " Rotmilchling ".
- 6.1 edibility
- 6.2 Stamps
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
Guard reaches a diameter of 10 to 20 cm. The edge is often bent wavy. The hat skin is slightly sticky and frosted with dryness. On an ocher - orange to brick- red ground, there is a pronounced darker zoning or a concentric pattern dripped. The fins have a pale orange tone. An injured sites they turn green until late. The spore powder is colored pale ocher. The stem stout drops with a length of up to 5 cm and a relatively short diameter of about 2 cm. He has almost the same color as the hat and most clearly contrasting, darker pits. The orange flesh is firm, hard and difficult to break. The milk is colored orange. Later, a little faded and finally turns slightly green. The smell is pleasantly fruity, the taste mild.
Microscopic Features
The elliptical spores are 7.2 to 9 microns long and 5.9 to 7 microns wide. Q- value (ratio of spore length and spore width) is 1.2-1.4. The spores Ornament up to 0.5 microns high and stands of a few warts as well as ribs, which are almost completely reticular connected. The clavate basidia 40-60 microns long and 9-11 microns wide and carry each 4 sterigmata. The cheilocystidia occur in two modifications. Once as spindle - to pfriemförmige, 25-35 microns long and 4-6 microns wide Makrozystiden and then as cylindrical to slightly club-shaped cystidia that are two to four times septate and 33-70 microns long and 4-7 microns wide. Both forms are not numerous. The Pleuromakrozystiden are fusiform to pfriemförmig and 45-60 microns long and 6-8 microns wide and very sparse. The hat skin consists mostly of parallel, 2-6 microns wide, gelatinized hyphae.
Artabgrenzung
Under the name "Genuine saffron milk cap " or " blood - saffron milk cap ", it seems sometimes popularly yet similar species, all of which are edible or at least non-toxic. A common and safe feature is their reddish milk, which distinguishes it from other inedible or poisonous milk Lingen.
Especially similar is the change Blue precious saffron milk cap ( Lactarius quieticolor ), which is sometimes classified as a variety of the gemstone - Reizkers (see section systematics).
As a very good edible mushrooms of the clamping Green Pine Reizker (L. semisanguifluus ), as well as the wine Red Pine Reizker (L. sanguifluus ) apply. The former differs from the precious saffron milk cap by the non grubigen stem and in older specimens dark green discoloring hats. The latter forms a rapidly wine red discoloring milk of interfaces. The most common Reizker, spruce Reizker (L. deterrimus ), the taste is rather inferior to the above-mentioned relatives. This kind of gets at contact points soon green spots. It occurs only under spruce, its meat tastes much bitter, the milk turns after about 15 minutes burgundy and the hat is zoned weaker. Another species that grows only under fir trees, the salmon Reizker (L. salmonicolor ). Its milk is colored by up to 30 minutes also burgundy. Its flavor has a bitter component, so the fungus is considered inedible in many mushroom pickers.
Similarly, even the Shaggy Birch Milchling look. However, he has a woolly hat as well as white, sharp -tasting milk and can be found under birch trees.
Ecology and phenology
The precious saffron milk cap is a mycorrhizal fungus that usually pine, especially Scots pines, live together. It can be found in pine forests as well as in coniferous and mixed forests with pine trees on thin places or forest edges. He is also to be found in parks, gardens and similar biotopes. Very shady positions, and very moist, for example waterlogged soils and strongly nitrogen-enriched subsoil be avoided. The fungus colonized fresh to dry, mostly shallow soils over limestone, sand and bedrock. These are acidic to alkaline and weakly to moderately nutritious.
The fruiting bodies appear mainly from September to October.
Dissemination
The precious saffron milk cap is widespread in the Holarctic. So it is in North America, Madeira, Europe, North Africa and North Asia (Israel, Armenia, Eastern Siberia ) to find. In Europe the fungus from Belgium and the Balearic Islands to Italy, Serbia and Hungary to Russia as well as to southern Finland in the north is far, but spread very unevenly. More often he is in the east, rare, however, to the west and south. In Germany it is widespread, but of different density.
System
From precious Reizker numerous forms and varieties are known, which are regarded by some authors as distinct species. These include the taxa hemicyaneus, pinastri, quieticolor and semisanguinascens. You will now run as synonyms of change Blue precious Reizkers ( Lactarius quieticolor ). The species differs from the precious saffron milk caps with a slightly paler colored, slightly blue toned young hat. Atomic level, the Milchling more spherical and within the section Deliciosi the coarsest ornamented spores. As a child taxon of the precious Reizkers only the shape is now viewed rubescens. It is characterized by fruiting bodies whose milk color into red after a few minutes while the Typusvarietät described with orange, steady milk. However, often occurs after a few hours on a corresponding color change.
Importance
Feed value
As an edible mushroom of the precious saffron milk cap unfolds its pleasant, slightly sweet taste by vigorous searing. Its value but suffers under maggot infestation, which quite often occurs in this fungus. All Reizkerarten are less suitable for cooking but better for frying. After enjoying the core of stimulus urine may turn red, but this is harmless.
Stamps
Stamp from Soviet Union ( 1964)