Lactarius uvidus
Sticky violet Milchling ( Lactarius uvidus )
The Sticky violet Milchling or Ungezonte violet Milchling ( Lactarius uvidus ) is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). The small to medium sized dairy Ling has a very greasy, brown gray hat and a white, but quickly purple discoloring milk. It grows in moist sites under spruce and birch in herb -rich deciduous and coniferous forests. The fruiting bodies of the inedible milk Lings appear from late July to October.
- 5.1 Infra Generic Systematics
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The more or less thin - fleshy hat is 3-8 (10 ) cm wide and arched long time. Later he flattens and is often slightly depressed in old age and has sometimes a blunt hump. He is pale purple colored to ochraceous or beige and is usually ungezont or only hinted purple brown zoned. In the age of the hat a faded brownish flesh. The more or less smooth hat skin is in dry sticky to greasy and wet weather very slimy. The first whitish hat brim is rolled smooth and long. At the Hutkante the hat is very sensitive to pressure and changes color when touched by the milk quickly purple to black-violet.
The crowded lamella are initially cremeweißlich and discolour on sites of injury purple to brown violet. They are thin, nearly horizontal or slightly arched and grew wide at the stem or a little run down it. They may be isolated to bifurcated numerous.
The cylindrical, whitish stalk is 3-7.5 (10 ) cm long and 0.8-1.5 (2 ) cm wide and hollow in old age. Sometimes he's spotted something ocher. The surface is smooth, light cream and sticky to slimy.
The flesh is white, gray purple under the hat skin and turns on average more or less rapidly violet. It is virtually odorless or smells slightly fruity and tastes slightly bitter and astringent, but hardly sharp. The initially abundant flowing milk is white, but turns on the air more or less fast violet, but only if it has a direct contact with the meat.
Microscopic characteristics
The roundish to elliptical spores are long and 6.8 to 8.8 microns 8:3-11 microns wide. The Q value (ratio of length and spore width) is 1.1-1.3. The about 1 micron high spore ornament comprises several warts and of ribs, which are only partially connected to one another like a net. The basidia are clavate to bulbous viersporigen and measure 40-60 × 11-13 microns.
The numerous Cheilomakrozystiden are spindle - to bottle-shaped. They are 30-65 microns long and 6-10 microns wide. The Pleuromakrozystiden are spindle-shaped, but only distributed fairly sparse on the vane surface. They are 50-100 microns long and 10-12 microns wide.
The hat skin is made of rising, partly irregularly intertwined, gnarled 1-5 microns wide hyphae. Among them are more or less parallel -lying, 2-4 microns wide hyphae. As for a typical Ixocutis the Huthauthyphen are strongly gelatinized.
Artabgrenzung
The Sticky violet Milchling can normally be fairly easy to determine, since there are few Milkcaps whose milk are discolored purple and these, in contrast to the Sticky violet Milchling, all quite rare. The Milchling could be confused with the one most closely related to zoned violet Milchling ( Lactarius violascens ). This fungus grows in deciduous forest and is externally recognized by its more reddish purple to gray- brown colored and always zoned hat. His hat is also in the wet state is not slimy, but at best a bit greasy. When zoned violet Milchling only the meat turns purple, while the milk is not changed without contact with the meat. Under the microscope, it can be recognized by its smaller spores.
More Milkcaps with purple discoloration on milk are the violet end villi milk - saffron milk cap ( Lactarius repraesentaneus ), the shield - Milchling ( Lactarius aspideus ) and the avens - Milchling ( Lactarius dryadophilus ). All three species belong because of their more or less shaggy draped hat brim to another group. Some of them are extremely rare and grow on calcareous soils.
Ecology
The Sticky violet Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus, which usually birch, rare with spruce enters into a symbiotic partnership. Sometimes it is also eaten with willow, alder, ash, beech, alder trees and other deciduous trees.
The Milchling may be more or less acidic, nutrient-poor and moderately to highly humid or alternatively leaving floors. It is found on gleyigen or boggy soils in fir-spruce and spruce forests on peat edges, in thickets shore with birch, willow and / or septic trees or in birch or alder swamps, and in ash - alder riparian forests. He rarely comes in acidophilous oak and in witches herb woodruff-beech forests ago on pseudovergleyten floors.
The fruiting bodies appear most sociable of the end of July to October. The species occurs in Central Europe in preference to the mountain and hill country.
Dissemination
The Sticky violet Milchling is a Holarctic common type, which in North Asia (Northern and Eastern Siberia, Japan, South Korea), North America (Canada, eastern United States, Mexico), Greenland, North Africa (Morocco ) and Europe has been demonstrated. In Europe, the Milchling is mainly used as temperat to boreal ( subarctic - alpine ) type in Central and Northern Europe. In Fennoscandia the Milchling is fairly common, while it is much less common in Western and Central Europe. In the north, it occurs to the arctic - alpine Lapland and Spitzbergen.
In Germany the Milchling from the coast comes to the Alps into before, but is very irregular and scattered widely, since the Ling milk on calcareous or highly permeable and long-term dry sand and sandstone soils widely missing. In some areas, especially in marshy areas of Milchling but in places not so rare. Otherwise, the Milchling seems to be missing only in Saxony.
The species is declining in Germany in their inventory. On the Red List it is conducted in the risk category RL3. The Milchling is mainly threatened by groundwater lowering and drainage as well as by liming and fertilization of forest soils. In Switzerland, the species is not rare.
System
The Sticky violet Milchling lividorubescens was first described in 1789 by August Batsch as Agaricus. 1818 gave him the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries the new saktionierten name Agaricus uvidus before he hired him in 1838 in the genus Lactarius, so he got his currently valid scientific names. The Latin epithet " uvidus " means moist or wet, and refers to the location to which you can find the Milchling.
Infra Generic Systematics
The Milchling is placed in the sub-section Uvidini, which in turn is in the section Uvidi. The representatives of sub-section have a white milk, the purple or violet colored. Your wine hats are reddish, gray or brownish, more or less sticky or slimy and sometimes hairy at the edge.
Importance
The Milchling is true because of its bitter taste as easily sharpened union inedible.