Landesarboretum Baden-Württemberg

The Landesarboretum - Exotic garden with Hohenheim landscape garden is next to the Botanical Garden of the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart gardens. The arboretum is used to display horticulturally interesting wood assortments, as well as the provision of plant material for the purpose of research and teaching of various academic institutions.

Around 2450 various deciduous and coniferous tree species, varieties and forms to 16.5 hectares serve students from universities and colleges as well as the students of Hohenheim horticultural school as a teaching and illustrative objects. One focus in the selection of trees and shrubs is the representation horticulturally interesting assortments. Are carried out, inter alia, horticulture scientific investigations relating to ornamental value, hardiness, suitability for socialization and other horticulturally important characteristics.

A large part of the above mentioned studies, the State School of Horticulture at the University of Hohenheim. Similarly, the Exotic Garden is widely used by the State School of Horticulture in the field of teaching. In many ways the involvement of the garden will take place in the training in the areas of floristry, production horticulture and gardening and landscaping. Similarly, the Landesarboretum is involved in the training of other institutions, such as the local schools or the Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Economics and the Environment Nürtingen.

In addition, the garden of the recovery is not only Stuttgart citizens and are offered ongoing training and guidance in the context of adult education. Groups and clubs have to request the opportunity to produce special appointments for guided tours. The latest development is to offer an on-line database in which all existing trees and shrubs are covered. Information about the current location then easier to find locally.

Historical development

The origin of the Landesarboretums goes back to the 18th century. In the years 1776-1793 was started by Duke Carl Eugen of Württemberg, to convert a 21 acre site southwest of Hohenheim Castle into an English landscape park. An initial list of trees resulting from the 1779. Following 1780, the first gardeners were trained.

Equipped with about 60 buildings and monuments, he initially served the Duke and his then- favorite Franziska von Leutrum, later Countess of Hohenheim, for staying in leisure hours or at festivities. Two special gardens were created within the landscape garden: a " garden where plants are located all Württemberg " and an " American Garden " with a portfolio of North American trees.

Already in 1783 included the botanical collection 120 species, then the richest and most complete collection of foreign trees and shrubs in Germany. After the death of Duke Carl Eugen in 1793, public investment has been made available, gradually eroded the buildings and a new use of the garden pushed to the fore: The largest part of the natural garden became the " exotic country nursery " converted. 1797 an exotic tree nursery was established for forestry scientific investigations. Until 1813 an exotic country nursery was created, which was botanical and scientifically oriented.

In addition to the examination of exotic trees for domestic forestry and the cultivation of young plants for the ducal garden plants already served soon the botanical studies of Hohenheim students. 1920 found the assignment to " State Württemberg horticultural school " instead.

Mid-19th century, the garden was severely limited by the loss of territory, in the years 1930/31, the nursery has been cleared and the garden again closer to the original state. Even in times of changed use of the old trees from the early days was not touched, so that today some impressive wood specimens, planted can be admired in the early years. 1932 saw the construction of the " Japan Sea ".

In 1953, the so-called exotic garden was raised to Landesarboretum of Baden- Württemberg. He is part of the Experimental Station of Horticulture at the University of Hohenheim.

The overall picture of the Landesarboretums is dominated by the old trees, which is still partly preserved from the time of first installation. Particularly noteworthy are a plane tree and several tulip trees that were planted in 1779. A small woodland garden, a herbaceous and a rhododendron plant complete the picture of the existing out numerous precious rarities assortment of woody plants.

A particular aspect is the legal extension of Landesarboretums 7.4 ha This created opportunities to expand the range of species and returned to the "old" part of the garden the original character of a landscape park.

The playhouse in the exotic garden, one of the three remaining buildings from the period, houses the Museum of the History of Hohenheim, which about the history of the garden gives more detail information.

Extension of the Hohenheim Gardens: the Hohenheim landscape garden

A large number of shrubs assortments and individual tree specimens are in the old part of the exotic garden under strong competitive pressure. For this reason, but also to the historically significant structures of the garden emphasize again are extensive Auslichtungen inevitable result of deforestation and replanting. Therefore, the planning for the expansion of Hohenheim Gardens was intensively from 1994.

Took place on a former arable land and a meadow spatially associated to the exotic and the Botanical Garden of Hohenheim enlargement of the arboretum in an area of ​​7.4 ha for the landscaping around 140,000 cubic meters of earth were from 1996 approached, to maintain the distinctive elements of the expansion area as the viewpoint and the hill to the Middle Filderstraße, aufzuschütten. By Auffüllgebühren the cost of the modeling of the terrain as well as for road construction of the main access routes could be largely financed.

Thanks to the generous support of numerous sponsors nor the first tree planting could be carried out in December 1997. On the upper viewpoint a wood sculpture was planted with six columns -hornbeam and on the lower hill one tree wall from six Crimean Linden. Meanwhile, a monopteros was built on the upper hill views, with the support of a donor, a highly visible feature of the new part of the garden and the link between modern and historic garden architecture. This building is in correspondence to the heart of Hohenheim, the castle of Duke Carl Eugen. The planting of 200 additional trees in the spring of 1998 was also only possible through generous donations.

The expansion area is in the basic character of a natural landscape garden dar. From the vantage point at the top of the hill and at the bottom of the expansion area resulting visual relationships to the castle and open countryside.

As Leitgehölze serve the western area to the schools Malus ( crab apples ), north to the Botanical Garden Prunus ( Ornamental cherries, plums, almonds, etc.) in the area of the hill in the southeast of Crataegus ( hawthorn, hawthorn ), the on the rear side hill to the street plantings were made with wild trees on noise barrier.

The plantings in the peripheral areas have been created as a space- acting stands with large trees with assignment of shrubs, herbaceous layer are different than wild perennials. The densified wood plantations on the three edges go over to the open meadow areas in the central region and to a near-natural vegetation on stream in the south. In addition to the main paved paths open grass paths, the spacious areas to perform better as the viewer to the diversity of plants.

The lower planting of tree and shrub groups is carried out over a large area with a customized for each location perennials society according to phytosociological and design aspects. The planting of a scientific collections was undertaken according to both aesthetic as well as by design aspects.

By expanding the areas it was possible to return the exotic garden again more the character of an English landscape garden. At the same time the curriculum was supplemented crucial in the natural and agricultural science courses as well as for the Hohenheim horticultural school.

The Hohenheim Gardens, the Landesarboretum - Exotic garden with Hohenheim landscape garden and the botanical garden, now have a total area of ​​over 33 hectares, the wood range and the perennials range of Landesarboretums - Exotic garden with Hohenheim landscape garden now includes over 4000 different species, subspecies and cultivars. A total of 270 genera from 90 plant families are represented in the woods area.