Lenzites warnieri

Dried floodplain Blätterporling ( Lenzites warnieri )

The floodplain Blätterporling ( Lenzites warnieri ) or floodplain Blättling is a pore fungus from the family of Stielporlingsverwandten ( Polyporaceae ). He has a corky, semicircular and plate-shaped fruiting bodies without stem and a lamellar fruit layer. The type is a Weißfäuleerreger to living wood. Your fruiting occurs along watercourses in sub-Mediterranean - humid climate at the root of various deciduous tree species. The floodplain Blätterporling forms only once in a lifetime fruiting bodies that expose spores in the spring and then become infertile.

Michel de Maisonneuve Durieu and Camille Montagne described Lenzites warnieri 1860 based on a finding from northern Algeria. The species is closely related to various Trameten ( Trametes spp.) Related, their exact taxonomic position is like that of all Blätterporlinge but so far unexplained.

• 5.1 Literature
• 5.2 External links
• 5.3 Notes and references

Features

Macroscopic characteristics

The fruiting bodies of the floodplain Blätterporlings is a flat plate-shaped semi, semi-circular or divided by a smaller indentation in half guard. It grows resupinat, ie without stem sits directly on the wood of the host tree. The hat measures in width 5-20 cm ( rarely up to 45 cm), from Hutansatz to the brim 3-8 cm and 1-2 cm high. The surface of the fruit body is velvety in young specimens, is with increasing age but quickly bare and smooth and sometimes develop small bumps or warts. Color- it varies from a light cream coloration in young fruit bodies up to a gray tint in old age. The surface is also clearly zoned; the zone boundaries are furrowed and dark brown to black. The Cap flesh has a zähledrig - korkige consistency, however, is relatively thin and does not show a clearly defined transition to the fins. The blades themselves are ocher - or parchment -colored, forked and up to 1 cm at the base relatively low. Under the Hutansatz they run into each other like a labyrinth.

Microscopic characteristics

The wood growing in the host mycelium ( filamentous hyphae ) of the fungus is heterothallic and tetrapolar. The floodplain Blätterporling has a trimitische Trama, that is a fabric of generative hyphae, and binding hyphae Skeletthyphen. While the generative hyphae in the growth ensure that serve hardened skeletal and binding hyphae thick-walled, the stability of the fruiting body and give it its korkige consistency. The generative hyphae are thin-walled, hyaline, measuring 2-3 microns in diameter and come with buckles. The binding hyphae are rugged, tortuous and heavily branched. They measure 3-5 microns in diameter and go into Skeletthyphen the same size. They come well ahead until the fruit layer, the floodplain Blätterporling of the sympatric birch Blätterporling (L. betulinus ) differs.

Zystiden have not yet been demonstrated. Microscopic cell structures of the fungus, the cystidia similar in shape but smaller and thinner, you may ask Zystidiolen or not yet fully trained Zystiden represents the basidia of the floodplain Blätterporlings are club-shaped and have four sterigmata of 4 microns long, on which the spores are. At its base the basidia have a buckle. They are 15-25 × 5-6 microns in size. The hyaline spores of the species are cylindrically shaped regularly or curved. They have thin walls, react negatively with Melzer's reagent and measure 7-9 × 3-4 microns.

Dissemination

The floodplain Blätterporling is known from a wide area of the Palearctic, but only from a few localities. Mostly it was not possible to confirm earlier findings in later years. The findings so far are all from the temperate to sub-Mediterranean zone. The broad host range of the floodplain Blätterporlings suggests that the area of ​​distribution is not primarily determined by the presence of certain host plants, but by the climatic conditions. The Artareal sounds in southern Central Europe relatively rapidly to the north and includes north of 48 ° N almost only exception finds in heat islands such as the Upper Rhine Graben. The ultimate northern border is apparently the 18 - ° C- Juliisotherme. The southern limit of distribution in Africa includes the Atlas and adjacent regions, in Asia it extends approximately at the level of the 36th parallel. While likely to prevail at low temperatures for the type beyond the northern limit of the range, the southern boundary is well determined by to dry climate.

The southernmost sites are located in the High Atlas Mountains and the coastal Algeria. From the Iberian Peninsula are only two references from Barcelona and Guadalajara. In France resources exist in the south and southeast and from the Yonne department. At the German Upper Rhine there are two former occurrence, to the northwest the species was found in Luxembourg Leudelingen. The far northern finds ( 51 ° 59 'N ) come from the Netherlands, where the floodplain Blätterporling was discovered at three locations south of Holland. In Italy, the occurrence limited to the northeast of the country. On the opposite side of the Adriatic, a belt from localities in the Croatian and Serbian Sava -Danube area adjoins. In the mostly located in Hungary Pannonian plain of alluvial Blätterporling occurs almost closed. Further to the southwest, there are three sites in the Macedonian Vardar, another three in the Bulgarian Eastern Rhodopes and on the Black Sea coast near Primorsko.

For the territory of the former USSR are findings in the Ukrainian Carpathians and Bilhorod - Dnistrovskyi before, moreover, from the Georgian Gagra, the Armenian Ander and Turkmenistan. To the north there is not further specified Fund information for the northern Caucasus, the Russian Black Sea coast and the Urals. In today's Kazakhstan, there are three sites of the East Kazakhstan Oblast and the Transili and the Djungarian Alatau. The easternmost Fund comes from Vyazemsky. In the warm periods of the Pleistocene, the spread ranged apparently also in areas that today have continental - temperate climate, such as a fossil find from Thuringia ( Eemian ) shows. Fossils are also known from the French Clairvaux- les -Lacs ( Copper Age ).

Ecology

As hosts, the floodplain Blätterporling especially willows (Salix spp.), Elm (Ulmus spp.), Poplar (Populus spp.), Alder ( Alnus spp.) And other heat -and water -affinity species colonized. In general, we find the floodplain Blätterporling in lowland forest companies, fens and comparable habitats. The mycelium of the species grows only in warm temperatures. The optimum for growth is in culture at 37 ° C. The floodplain Blätterporling is relatively hardy, but reacts in the summer sensitive to drops in temperature. Probably for this reason, he prefers to grow on the sunny side of the wood. The rarity of the species in northern latitudes is probably due to these high standards.

The nature always infects living wood and calls forth white rot there. Here, the lignin of the affected regions is degraded; the wood is fibrous, fades and loses strength. The spores of the floodplain Blätterporlings be transported by the wind to the host tree in spring. Frequently there is only a single infested tree in close proximity to a group of non-infected trees of the same species, the mycelium of the fungus colonized the host wood and forms numerous in autumn fruiting bodies. However, these are initially barren and sporulate until the following spring, after having wintered. The fruiting bodies are annual, forming after the first sporulation no further spores after. After the first winter, no new fruiting bodies more obviously be formed.

Systematics and history of research

Remaining Trameten and Related

Zinnobertrameten ( Pycnoporus )

T. ljubarskyi

Floodplain Blätterporling (L. warnieri )

Birch Blätterporling (L. betulina )

Humpback Tramete ( T. gibbosa )

Striegelige Tramete ( T. hirsuta ) C & D

Anise Tramete ( T. suaveolens )

Juniper Tramete ( T. junipericola )

Velvety Tramete ( T. pubescens)

Butterfly Tramete ( T. versicolor)

Zonentramete ( T. multicolor)

The floodplain Blätterporling was first described in 1860 by Michel de Maisonneuve Durieu and Camille Montagne. The type specimen came from the Algerian Lac Alloula. Durieu Montagne and it had collected on the grounds of the Ferme de Kandouri, the retirement home of French physician and politician Auguste Warnier. In his honor, was the way the epithet warnieri. As publication of the first description, the Annales des Sciences Naturelles ( Botanique ) are usually indicated. In fact, the description appeared but at the request of Durieu previously in the Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux.

Was a result of ambiguity in the identification and Artabgrenzung Lenzites reichardtii Schulz. 1880 long for the European discoveries of the floodplain Blätterporlings time as a valid scientific name, as the type specimen for that name was smaller than the relatively large by Durieu and Montagne. Only towards the end of the 20th century onwards that to consider both names as synonyms. Also a Konspezifität with the oak random Ling ( Daedalea quercina ) has been discussed for a long time: Giacomo Bresadola looked Lenzites warnieri as a synonym of Daedalea quercina; a view of the Albert Pilát In 1940, and for the floodplain Blätterporling the name Daedalea quercina f lenzitoidea introduced. The Oak random Ling but differs not only by its labyrinthine hymenophore, but is also different from the floodplain Blätterporling a Braunfäuleerreger and exclusively attacks oaks. Alix David could prove in 1967 based on crossbreeding studies indicate that the floodplain Blätterporling and Oak random Ling are two different ways.

The floodplain Blätterporling is now run in the genus Blätterporlinge ( Lenzites ). A close relationship of this genus to the Trameten ( Trametes ) has been suspected for a long time and also confirmed by DNA analysis. In fact, these studies indicated that both the floodplain Blätterporling and the sympatric birch Blätterporling (L. betulina ) are within the Trameten and Blätterporlinge are polyphyletic. The exact relationships of Lenzites and Trametes must therefore be clarified in further studies. As a sister species of the floodplain Blätterporlings both the Birch Blätterporling and Lenzites acuta come from the tropics of the Old and New Worlds in question. Contradict the former, DNA studies, for the second type without the corresponding genetic analyzes.

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