Leonid Mandelstam

Leonid Isaakowitsch Mandelstam (Russian Леонид Исаакович Мандельштам, scientific transliteration Leonid Mandelstam Isaakovič; * 22 Apriljul / May 4 1879greg in Mogilev, Belarus today, .. † November 27, 1944 in Moscow) was a Russian physicist.

Life

Mandelstam was born in 1879 as the son of a physician and completed his schooling at the Gymnasium in Odessa from. He then studied at the University School of Physical and Mathematical Novorossiysk. Because participation in student riots, he was expelled from the University and continued his education in Strasbourg, where he completed his PhD under Ferdinand Braun in 1901. In 1907 he was a lecturer there in 1913 and Professor in 1907 .. he explored oscillations in circuits and discovered important principles of the transmission of radio waves over long distances.

1914 Mandelstam returned to Russia and took over in 1925 at the University of Moscow in the chair of theoretical physics, where developed a school of theoretical physics, for example, also the physics Nobel laureate Igor Tamm was a member, with whom he was friends.

Regardless of CV Raman and almost simultaneously he had in 1928, along with Grigori S. Landsberg experimentally by Raman scattering. In the former Soviet Union was for Raman scattering, the term " combined light scattering " used. The Indian Nobel Laureate and the discoverer CV Raman was concealed in the Soviet Union and the effect itself was run as Mandelstam Landsberg effect. The Nobel Prize for the discovery in 1930 received only Raman, who first published - Mandelstam and his staff led before publication even longer time accurate test measurements.

In 1934 the scientists of the Lebedev Institute of the Academy of Sciences and worked in the fields of optics, radio physics, radio engineering and theoretical physics. His findings from the vibration research, he also successfully turned on the fields of optics, acoustics, molecular physics and quantum mechanics. He described, inter alia, 1931, the physical phenomenon of the parametric resonance, see forced oscillation. Among his pupils and close associates in the field of nonlinear oscillations was also Adolfovich Alexander Witt ( 1902-1938 ). He fell in 1938 the Stalinist terror victim, as well as the brother of Mandelstam.

Internationally known Mandelstam was his work on radio wave scattering along the earth's surface. For his services Mandelstam received the Lenin Prize in 1931, in 1940 the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, in 1942 the Stalin Prize in 1944 and the Order of Lenin.

End of the 1930s was Mandelstam and members of his school as Tamm victim of a campaign against modern physics, especially against the special theory of relativity, which was classified as unmaterialistisch. They were temporarily expelled from the university after Boris Hessen, the vice director of FIAN ( Lebedev Institute), the long years Mandelstam had protected group, in 1936 the Stalinist terror fell victim. The dispute continued even continued after Mandelstam's death. In the late 1940s, there was a power struggle between physicists from the Lomonosov University ( as Dmitri Ivanenko, AA Sokolov, JP Terletzki, AA Maximov ) and the Academy physicists of the Lebedev Institute, including Mandelstam had heard. It got even espionage allegations against Mandelstam, justified by his long stay in Strasbourg before 1914. 1952 it came to a dispute over " philosophical error " Mandelstam after the publication of the fifth and final volume of his collected works and his conviction (despite opposition by Vladimir Fock ).

Other students of Mandelstam were Alexander Alexandrovich Andronow and Mikhail Alexandrovich Leontovich.

His son Sergei Leonidovich Mandelstam was also a prominent physicist at the Institute of Spectroscopy of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.

Notes and sources

  • Physicist ( 20th century)
  • University teachers (Moscow)
  • Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
  • Support of Lenin Prize
  • Russian
  • White Russian
  • Born in 1879
  • Died in 1944
  • Man
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