Levallois technique
The Levallois (also shield core technology) was the typical reduction technology of the Neanderthals in the processing of flint. She is already in use during the Acheulean in advance of the Saale ice age for at least 200,000 years. Therefore, Gerhard Bosinski struck in 1965 before the era of Mittelpaläolithikums ( = Middle Paleolithic, about traditional 100000-40000 before present) to have already started with the appearance of the Levallois technique (ie, about 200,000 years ago). This definition of Mittelpaläolithikums has since enforced internationally. The Levallois by French archaeologists was named at the beginning of the 20th century according to findings in a suburb of Paris, Levallois -Perret. In the 1920s Henri Breuil introduced the concept Levalloisian, but which is no longer used as a chrono stage. Spread this technique was in the Acheulian, Mousterian and Châtelperronian, that is until the end of Mittelpaläolithikums.
Technological Features
Characterized this technology is through an elaborate preparation of the core stone before a deduction by a single targeted strike can be won (or " shield core technology" called ). The reductions achieved in this way are often very tall and thin and have sharp edges all round. These advance technology rationalized the use of this raw material stone and led to the refinement of the tools produced therewith. It would be a further development of Clacton- technology. Were produced in addition to the Levallois- target reductions also blades, points and scrapers.
Victoria West technique
This technique, named after a fund- parts in South Africa has long been viewed as a proto- Levallois. The core from which the deductions were made, here is more broad than long. A new study shows no genealogical connections to inventories with Levallois in Europe and called it aptly as para - Levallois. Therefore, there is no reason to situate the genesis of Levallois in South Africa.
Levallois- tips
Some editors are of the view that Levallois points are the real target products throughout the Levallois. Here, a Leitgrat is applied to the degradation of the core by opposite or same- tee negatives, which allows the tapered shape of the Levalloisspitze.
The use of Levallois- tips for hunting spears can be proved by a result from Syria, where such a projectile tip was still in the vertebrae of an African donkey. The find was made in Mousterian layers.
At the same time there is also in Syria proof of Schäftungsklebstoff on a Levallois- top. The naturally occurring in the area of the Levant and Syria bitumen offered here a freely available adhesive that was already used years ago about 50,000.
Criticism of the Levallois concept
As in the past decades under Levallois technique, the technique of " prepared core ", one hand already the presence of centripetal partly tee negatives, on the other hand, only the preformed plate core was understood ( cf. Bordes 1980), existed until a few years ago great subjectivity in the speech by Levallois- basic forms. In one experiment, an inventory of Ault (North of France ) by three experienced archaeologists was examined independently on its Levallois- share, which was achieved only 69% agreement in the speech. Therefore, there is undoubtedly a subjective factor in the classification of Levallois- basic forms over other techniques tee.
Sites in Germany
- Neumark -Nord in the Geisel in Merseburg
- Lübbow and Wolter village ( Lüchow- Dannenberg )
- Salzgitter Lebenstedt ( " Lebenstedter group," Today's launch of Micoquian )
- Rheindahlen ( near Mönchengladbach )