Limburgish language

Spoken in

Belgium Germany Germany

Indo-European languages

Germanic Languages West Germanic languages Low Franconian languages Südniederfränkisch

Lim

Limburg ( Limburg larger needles, limb. Limbörgsj, Lèmbörgs, Plat ) is the südniederfränkische dialect group and is part of the continental West Germanic dialect continuum. In German it is also called Südniederfränkisch.

Other language names

Limburg's language, Limburg, has in its contiguous area of distribution in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands different names:

In the Netherlands today dominate the names Noord- Limburg (for the dialects of the northern part of the Dutch province of Limburg from Venlo ) and Zuid- Limburg for the dialects of the southern province of parts to Maastricht ago.

In Belgium, Limburg in Wes - Limburg ( Westlimburgisch ) for the Limburg dialects in Belgium, Central Limburg ( Zentrallimburgisch ) for the Belgian-Dutch transitional areas and Oas - Limburg ( Ostlimburgisch ) is for the language areas in the Netherlands ( and north - east of Liege ) divided.

In Germany we were told earlier the Limburg dialects as follows: West - Limburg included the territories of Belgium; Central Limburg was therefore spoken in the neighboring Netherlands and East Limburg in neighboring Germany. Little widespread was the language name West Platt. Today's Germanistic linguistics refers to the Limburg language area as Südniederfränkisch, this term is restricted to Germany.

Dissemination

The Limburg is now in the Netherlands ( Dutch Limburg ), Belgium ( Belgian Limburg and North - East of Liege ) and spoken in neighboring Germany (North Rhine -Westphalia).

For purely political reasons, all dialects of Limburg are now expected to Limburg. So also the Brabantish - südgeldersche transition region of Venlo as Noord- Limburg (also Gelders Limburg ) is counted for Limburg. There are also some small, Aachen platform similar Ripuarian dialects (eg Kirk Rather, Voelser, Simpelvelder and Bocholtzer Platt). In the province of Limburg fall linguistically speaking more out of line. There, sometimes they are Zuidoost Limburg in the sense of Platt of South-East Limburg ' called while German linguists they attributed the Middle Franconian, which does not occur elsewhere in the Netherlands. Normally, Zuidoost Limburg relates in the sense of Southeast Royal Limburg ' instead südniederfränkisch Südostlimburgisch.

The Limburg is a predominantly uniform language form within the dialect continuum represents the Limburg part dialects in the north- east of Belgium, in the southeast of the Netherlands and West Germany are referred to in a state assignment as a Belgian- Limburg, Netherlands- Limburg and German - Limburg dialects. The linguistic proximity of the Limburg part dialects of High German standard language was ultimately the reason that in 1839 the Duchy of Limburg was ( the predominantly Walloon - speaking part of Luxembourg ) incorporated as a province, instead of the ceded to Belgium Welsch - Luxembourg to the German Confederation.

Number of speakers

The Limburg in all its variants still has a number of speakers of approximately 1.6 million people. It is now recognized under the Charter of the Council of Europe in the province of Limburg in the Netherlands as its own regional language. Some linguists see this decision, however, very critical, since they consider the basis for classification as a separate language as not given.

Examples

( Doenraads, South -East Limburg ) "I HÖB nog Efkes ( aaf ) grown ( of dat, ) wat - se me zègke wolf. "
(D) "I've waited just what you wanted to tell me. "
( NL) " Ik heb nog even afgewacht wat U / je me zeggen wou. "

( Doenraads ) "In de wèntjer sjtuuve the druuëg Blaar doeër de loech róntj -en- om / erom. "
(D) " In the winter, the dry leaves flying around in the air. "
( NL) "In de winter Waaien drug bladeren rond de in de luchtfoto. "

( Doenraads ) "'T zal zoee oetsjejje te / value sjnejje, dan ' t waer waer Bäter. "
(D) " It sounds the same on to snow, then the weather will be better. "
( NL) "Het zal zo ophouden met sneeuwen, dan wordt het weer weer beter. "

( Doenraads ) " Hae is vuur vaer of Zoes waeke ( truuk ) gesjtorve. "
(D) " He died four or six weeks ago. "
( NL) " Hij is four indices of weken geleden gestorven "

( Doenraads ) "'T vuur waor te heet, the keuk cent jao aan den óngerkantj goose zjwart versjruijt / aagebrent. "
(D) "The fire was too hot, the cakes are so burned completely black down there."
( NL) "Het vuur what te heet, de koeken zijn aan de onderkant helemaal zwart aangebrand. "

( Doenraads ) " Hae deet the Eikes ömmer zónger zout en Paeper AETE / Hae ET eike ömmer zónger zout en Paeper. "
(D) "He always eats the eggs without salt and pepper. "
( NL) " Hij eet de Eitjes altijd zonder zout en peper. / Hij doet de Eitjes altijd zonder zout en peper eten. "

History

Today Limburg developed mainly from the eastern dialects of Altniederfränkischen. On this had since the 8th century Old High German under the Merovingians and Carolingians a strong influence on these language variants. Especially the cities of Aachen, Liege and Cologne were the centers from which emanated the influence.

In the 12th century, this linguistic influence left ended the Meuse (mainly the Belgian Limburg today ), since the area in question began to orient to the west. Well took cities like Ghent, Bruges and Ypres those a position previously occupied Aachen, Liege and Cologne.

1288 was the Duchy of Limburg after the Battle of Worringen to the neighboring Duchy of Brabant. Thus, the Limburg took over as most other Low Franconian varieties many characteristics of Brabant dialects. One speaks here of the so-called Brabant expansion. This interplay of linguistic influence between the Rhineland and Brabant would be repeated several times in Limburg.

Low - or medium- German dialect group?

So the Limburg dialect group has language features that it shares the one with the Low German and the other with the central German language group. ( A more detailed overview of the language features provides the next section.)

Because of the Limburg is classified in different ways:

The Uerdinger line is generally considered the dividing line of the kleverländischen Limburg dialects. The known today as Südniederfränkisch language area in Germany, however, the I - side form on ech while it says in the ostbergischen transition region, the area between the actual Südniederfränkisch and the Kleverländischen and the Treaty of Westphalia, already ek (ik - by- form); a property that divides the Ostbergische with the Kleverländischen. Solely the dialect of Kerkrade was recognized by all as " Ripuarian - German dialect " and clearly classified as' moderate German dialect ".

Theodor Frings put in his studies on the theory that the ostlimburgisch - Ripuarian transition region constitutes a special dialect continuum, which he described as Ostlimburgisch Ripuarisches - called transition region in his writings. This theory was further developed by other German studies, and these indicate the Limburg dialect area today as Südniederfränkisch without an explicit classification in the low-or medium- German dialect area. Today the neutral term Rhein- Maasländisch For the limburigschen language levels of the Middle Ages sometimes ( actually a written language ) used to make these levels of language not to have to classify " Dutch" or " German " as. This reflects the fact that the language of Limburg in this transition area has many similarities with both neighboring languages. With the summary of the entire Lower Rhine - Maas area for the "Rhine and Meuse " and the dialect region of the Kleverländischen was included.

However, the use of the term Rhine - Maasländisch is misleading when it refers specifically to the spoken dialect ( Irmgard Hantsche and Dieter home Böckel speak in your publications on the subject of " writing language ").

The 12th century in the Rhine -Meuse delta - are spoken the area where today the Limburg and kleverländischen dialects - indeed arisen today called rheinmaasländische writing language exhibited many elements of regional dialects, but is not readily be equated with them. The spoken on the Rhine and Meuse Niederrheinische Platt was the language of - often illiterate - ordinary people; Rhein- Maasländisch other hand, was the written language of the upper levels and firms. Rhein- Maasländisch had largely replaced Latin as a written language until it lost its importance in the 16th century; one hand in favor of the over Cologne propagating northward " High German ", on the other hand in favor of an emerging in today's Netherlands own written language. However, could this "High German written language " is not spread equally fast everywhere on the Lower Rhine. Over a longer period existed in some cities (eg in Geldern, Kleve, Wesel, Krefeld ) German and Dutch side by side and decrees were issued in both written languages .

From the 18th century the linguistic separation between ( the German ) Lower Rhine ( both Dutch ) Maas area was completed. Rhein- Maasländisch disappeared as a written language, the new high - and written languages went their separate ways. Kleverländisch and Limburg as a spoken dialects but talking across borders to modern times.

Voice Features

Just as some other Indo- European languages - Croatian, Slovenian, Norwegian, Swedish and Luxembourgish - has the Limburg a very melodic sounding sound. It has two tones, the so-called Stoßton ( stoottoon ) and the Schleifton ( sleeptoon ). Both tones start high and then fall off. But the Schleifton ends with a further increase during the Stoßton remains low. There are two pull -written words; the meaning is pronounced with Stoßton " side " with the Schleifton but "woman." ( See also pitch accent ).

For Limburg dialects today are the following:

In the Netherlands and Belgium West - Limburg ( gij - Limburg ) in the area Hasselt - Tongeren.
Me - quarters in the area Venlo and surroundings.
Central Limburg in Genk -Maastricht area. ( example: I, I ', Maake, make ', loope, run ', sjommel, swing ', gèzìt, newspaper, trein, train ' weer ' we ' )
East Limburg in Sittard- Roermond area. ( example: Ech, I ' make do ', lope, walk ', sjokkel, swing ', gèzìt, newspaper, trein, train ' veer ' we ' )
Southeast Limburg in the area around Kerkrade and Vaals. ( example: I / ISJ, I ' do, make ', lofe, run ', sjokkel, swing ', tsidung, newspaper, pulled, train ', VIIR ' we ' )

East Limburg area Viersen -Krefeld - Moers ( Krieewelsch )
Bergisch area Neuss- Dusseldorf - Mettmann -Solingen - Remscheid. There, the dialects often as the West Bergisch ( Heinberg, Mönchengladbach ) and low Bergisch ( Dusseldorf, Velbert, Neviges, Langenberg, Holy House, Wülfrath and Solingen ) are referred to.

This classification is based mainly on the occurrence of Postalveolars "sh", a phoneme that is Westlimburgischen, as in the standard Dutch unknown, so appears only in foreign words, in contrast Ostlimburgischen as in English before the consonants l, m, n, p, t occurs, and partly in Eupen and Kerkrade in the east, even before "w". Thus, the Limburg dialect is linguistically as a transition between the Kleverländischen and the Ripuarian. In Germany, where it is spoken in the central and southern Lower Rhine in Dusseldorf and in parts of the Bergisch Land, the " Limburg " often grouped together with the Ostbergischen and the Kleverländischen as " Lower Rhine " or "Low Franconian language."

In the Netherlands and in Belgium the limit of the emphasis area is assumed as the boundary of Limburg. Within this area there are two different ways in which one can express one long syllable.

Recent publications refer to the language of Limburg as the " cultural glue" the Euroregion to Hasselt, Aachen, Venlo and Mönchengladbach. It developed in the period of Middle Dutch, since about 1350, when the separation took place centuries later between German and Dutch in its present form did not exist. Your further education is attributed, among other things, the influence of altkölschen language, who was von Trier or Koblenz to Xanten.

Language family Limburg (Netherlands) Southeast Limburgish dialect German dialects Carolingian dynasty Brabantian dialect Benrath line Lower Rhine region Langenberg (Rhineland) Heiligenhaus Bergisches Land Low Dietsch dialects Straelen Middle German Integrated Authority File

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