List of international environmental agreements

The list of international environmental agreements recorded bilateral and multilateral international treaties, which are designed to protect the environment or nature.

The respective impact and importance of the individual contracts it varies greatly. Furthermore, the environmental protection in some contracts may be other targets in addition to or even subordinate. Nevertheless, such agreements can have a significant impact on the requirements of environmental protection and nature conservation. Examples include the Antarctic Treaty or the UN Convention. International environmental agreements are often concluded under the auspices of the United Nations.

Currently there are over 1,200 international environmental agreements (February 2008).

Comments on the list

Agreement designation: Where available, the German title of the Environmental Agreement shall be used.

Abbreviations: The abbreviations used are the standard international abbreviations (usually an abbreviation of the English contract title ).

Years: year of signature

Protecting the climate and atmosphere

  • Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer ( 1985)
  • Montreal Protocol ( Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer ) ( 1987)
  • Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC ) ( 1992)
  • Kyoto Protocol (1997 )
  • Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate ( AP6 ) (2005 )
  • Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security (2007)
  • Western Climate Initiative ( WCI )

Biodiversity, habitat conservation and species protection

  • International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (1946 )
  • ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ) ( 1966)
  • UNESCO program "Man and the Biosphere" (1970 )
  • Ramsar Convention (Convention on Wetlands, especially as a habitat for waterfowl and waders of International Importance ) ( 1971)
  • Washington Convention (CITES ) ( 1973)
  • Bern Convention (Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Animals and Natural Habitats ) ( 1979)
  • Bonn Convention (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals ) (CMS ) ( 1979) Agreement on the Conservation of Seals in the Wadden Sea (1990 )
  • Agreement on the Conservation of Populations of European Bats ( EUROBATS ) ( 1991)
  • Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Sea, North East Atlantic and the Irish Sea ( ASCOBANS ) ( 1991)
  • Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds ( AEWA ) ( 1995)
  • Convention for the protection of cetaceans of the Black Sea, the Mediterranean and the adjacent Atlantic zones ( ACCOBAMS ) ( 1996)
  • Convention for the Protection of Albatrosses and Petrels ( ACAP ) (2001 )
  • Agreement on the Conservation of Gorillas and their Habitats ( Gorilla Agreement) (2007)
  • Global strategy for plant conservation ( GSPC)

Landscape protection

  • UNESCO World Heritage Site (1975 )
  • European Landscape Convention ( Landscape Convention, Florence Convention) (2000)

Genetic Engineering

Sustainable Development

  • Espoo Convention (Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in transboundary context ) ( 1991) SEA Protocol (Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment to the Convention on EIA in a transboundary context ) (2003 )

Combating Desertification

  • The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and / or Desertification, Particularly in Africa ( UNCCD) (1996 )

Marine Protected

  • International Maritime Organization (IMO ) ( 1948)
  • London Convention (Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter ) ( 1972)
  • International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships ( MARPOL) (1973 )
  • UNCLOS ( UNCLOS) (1982 )
  • Wadden Sea Cooperation ( Trilateral Cooperation Declaration on the Protection of the Wadden Sea ) ( 1982)
  • International North Sea Conference (NSC ) ( 1984)
  • International Convention on protective measures, counter-measures and cooperation in oil spills ( OPRC ) ( 1990)
  • Convention on the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (1995 )
  • Ballast Water Convention (2004)
  • Mediterranean: Barcelona Convention ( Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution ) ( BarCon ) ( 1976)
  • Gulf: Kuwait Convention (1978 )
  • West and Central Africa: Abidjan Convention (1981 )
  • East Africa: Nairobi Convention (1985 )
  • Southeast Pacific: Lima Convention (1981 )
  • Red Sea and Gulf of Aden: Jeddah Convention (1982 )
  • Caribbean Cartagena Convention (1983 )
  • Black Sea: Bucharest Convention (1992 )
  • South Pacific: Noumea Convention ( Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region) ( 1986)
  • Northeast Atlantic and North Sea: Oslo Convention ( OSCOM ) ( 1972)
  • Paris Convention ( PARCOM ) ( 1974)
  • Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR) (1992 )
  • Helsinki Convention (1974 )
  • Helsinki Convention ( Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area ) ( 1992)
  • Lisbon Convention (Convention on the coastal and marine protection of the North-East Atlantic ago (oil) pollution)
  • The Southern Ocean Antarctica see

Rivers and Lakes

  • Watercourses Convention ( Convention for the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes) (1992 )
  • Convention on the Protection of Lake Constance against Pollution ( IGKB ) ( 1960)
  • International Commission for the Protection of the Moselle and the Saar against Pollution ( ICPMS ) ( 1961)
  • Convention on the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe ( ICPE ) ( 1990)
  • Danube River Protection Convention (Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube River ) ( 1994)
  • Convention on the International Commission for the Protection of the Oder against Pollution ( ICPO ) ( 1996)
  • Convention for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR ) (1999 )
  • Maas International Convention (Convention of Ghent) (2002)

Mountain areas

  • Alpine Convention (Convention for the Protection of the Alps) (AV ) ( 1991) Protocol " Nature Conservation and Landscape Management " (1994)
  • Protocol " mountain farming " (1994)
  • Protocol " Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development" ( 1994)
  • Protocol " Mountain Forest " (1996)
  • Protocol on "Soil Protection " (1998)
  • Log " tourism" (1998)
  • Protocol " energy " (1998)
  • Protocol "Traffic " (2000)
  • Protocol " Dispute Settlement " (2000)

Antarctic

  • Antarctic Treaty (1961 )
  • Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (1964 )
  • CCAS (Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic seals) (1972 )
  • CCAMLR (Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ) ( 1980)
  • Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol) (1991 )

Waste

  • Basel Convention ( Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal ) ( 1989)
  • Bamako Convention (1991 )

Nuclear weapons and security of nuclear power plants

  • Convention on Nuclear Safety (IAEA ) ( 1994)
  • Comprehensive Nuclear-Test -Ban Treaty (CTBT ) ( 1996)
  • Treaty to ban nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water ( NTBT or PTBT ) ( 1963)

Chemicals and pollutants

  • Geneva Convention (Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution ( CLRTAP )) ( 1979) Protocol on Long -term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe contaminated ( EMEP ) ( 1984)
  • Protocol on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their cross- border flow of at least 30 percent ( 1985)
  • Protocol concerning the control of emissions of nitrogen oxides or their transboundary river (1988 )
  • Protocol concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or their transboundary river (1991 )
  • Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions (1994 )
  • Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs Protocol ) ( 1998)
  • Protocol on Heavy Metals (1998)
  • Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone ( 1999)

Other

  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) ( 1972)
  • ENMOD Convention (1976 )
  • Aarhus Convention (Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision -making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters ) ( 1998)
  • North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation ( NAAEC ) ( North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation )
Multilateral environmental agreement Bilateralism Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats Wadden Sea Agreement Oslo Dumping Convention OSPAR Convention HELCOM
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