List of state leaders in 1851
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Africa
- Egypt Viceroy Abbas Hilmi I. (1849-1854)
- Ethiopia Emperor: John III. (1850-1851)
- Kaiser: Sahle Dengel (1851-1855)
- Buganda King: Suna II (1836-1856)
- Bunyoro King: Olimi V. (1848-1852)
- Burundi King: Ntare Rugamba IV (1796-1852)
- Dahomey: King: Gezo (1818-1856)
- Liberia President: Joseph Jenkins Roberts (1847-1856)
- Madagascar Queen: Ranavalona I (1782-1861)
- Prime Minister: Rainiharo († 1852)
- Morocco Sultan Moulay Abd al-Rahman (1822-1859)
- Rwanda King: Mutara II (1830-1853)
- Sokoto Caliphate Caliph Aliyu Babba (1842-1859)
- Zulu King Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840-1872)
America
North America
- Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Joaquín de Herrera ( 1848-15. January 1851 )
- President Mariano Arista (15 January 1851-1853 )
- United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)
Central America
- Costa Rica Heads of state and head of government: President Juan Rafael Mora Porras (1849-1859)
- Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Buenaventura Báez (1849-1853, 1856-1858, 1868-1873, 1876-1878)
- El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Doroteo Vasconcelos ( 1848-1. March 1851 )
- (acting) José Félix Quirós ( 1 March to 3 May 1851)
- President Francisco Dueñas (May 13, 1851-1854, 1863-1871 )
- Guatemala Heads of State and Head of Government: ( transitional ) Mariano Paredes ( 1849-21. October 1851 )
- President Rafael Carrera y Turcios (1844-1848 21 October 1851-1865 )
- Haiti Ruler: Emperor Faustin I. (1847-1859)
- Honduras Heads of state and head of government: President Juan Fernández Nepomucemo Lindo (1847-1852)
- Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: Supreme Director Norberto Ramírez ( 1849-1. April 1851 )
- Supreme Director Justo Abaunza ( 1 April to 5 May 1851)
- Supreme Director Laureano Pineda ( 5 May to 4 August 1851)
- Supreme Director Justo Abaunza ( 4 August to 11 August 1851)
- Supreme Director José de Jesús Alfaro ( 11 August to 2 November 1851)
- Supreme Director Laureano Pineda (November 11, 1851-1853 )
South America
- Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Isidoro Belzu (1848-1855)
- Brazil Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831-1889)
- Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Bulnes Prieto ( 1841-18. September 1851 )
- President Manuel Montt (September 18, 1851-1861 )
- Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Diego Noboa ( 1850-26. February 1851 )
- ( transitional ) José María Urbina (17 July 1851-1852 )
- New Granada (now Colombia) Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Hilario López (1849-1853)
- Paraguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Antonio López (1841-1844, 1844-1862)
- Peru (disputed ) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Ramón Castilla ( 1845-20. April 1851 )
- President José Rufino Echenique (20 April 1851-1855 )
- Río de la Plata (now Argentina) Heads of state and head of government: President of the Confederacy Juan Manuel de Rosas (1835-1851, September 20, 1851-1852 )
- Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Joaquín Suárez (1843-1852)
- Venezuela Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Tadeo Monagas ( 1847-5. February 1851 )
- President José Gregorio Monagas (February 5, 1851-1855 )
Asia
- Abu Dhabi Emir: Sa'id (1845-1855)
- Ajman Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848-1872)
- Afghanistan Emir: Dost Muhammad Khan (1842-1863)
- Bahrain Emir Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1842-1868)
- Brunei Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II († 1852)
- China ( Qing Dynasty ) Kaiser: Xianfeng (1850-1861)
- British India Governor General: James Andrew Broun - Ramsay (1848-1856)
- Japan Kaiser: Komei (1846-1867)
- Shogun: ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Ieyoshi ( 1837-1853 )
- Korea King: Cheoljong (1849-1864)
- Kuwait Emir: Djabir I. (1814-1859)
- Oman Sultan Sa'id ibn Sultan II (1804-1856)
- Ottoman Empire Sultan Abdülmecid I (1839-1861)
- Persia ( Qajar dynasty ) Shah: Naser ad -Din Shah (1848-1896)
- Thailand King Rama III, King of Thailand ( 1824-1851 ).
- King Mongkut, King of Thailand (1851-1868)
Australasia
- Hawaii King Kamehameha III. (1825-1854)
Europe
- Abkhazia Prince: Mikheil Sharvashidze (1822-1864)
- Andorra Co - Prince: President / Emperor of France: Charles -Louis -Napoleon Bonaparte / Napoleon III. (1848-1870)
- Bishop of Urgell: Simó de Guardiola y Hortoneda (1828-1851)
- Josep Caixal i Estradé (1851-1879)
- Belgium King Leopold I. (1831-1865)
- Denmark King, Frederick VII (1848-1863) Prime Minister: Adam Wilhelm Moltke (1848-1852)
- German Bund Austria Emperor Franz Joseph I (1848-1916) Prime Minister: Felix Prinz zu Schwarzenberg (November 21, 1848-1852 )
- King Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1840-1861) Prime Minister: Otto Theodor Freiherr von Manteuffel (1850-1858)
- Duke: Karl Alexander (1834-1863)
- Duke Leopold IV (1817-1871)
- Grand Duke Leopold (1830-1852)
- King Maximilian II (1848-1864)
- Duke Wilhelm (1831-1884)
- Mayor: Johann Smidt (1821-1857)
- Mayor: Johann Daniel Noltenius (1839-1852)
- Mayor: Isak Hermann Albrecht Schumacher (1847-1853)
- Mature Mayor: Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Hector Günderrode Gen. Kellner (1841 ) ( 1847) (1851 ) ( 1861)
- Mayor: Christian Daniel Benecke (1835-1851)
- Mayor: Johann Ludewig Dammert (1843-1855)
- Mayor: Henry Kellinghusenstraße (1843-1844) (1845-1846) (1847-1848) (1851-1852) (1853-1854) (1855-1856) (1857-1858) (1859-1860)
- King: Ernst August (1837-1851)
- King George V (1851-1866)
- Grand Duke Ludwig III. (1848-1877)
- Landgraf: Ferdinand (1848-1866)
- Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1847-1866)
- Duke Frederick II (1848-1863)
- Prince Alois II (1836-1858)
- Prince Leopold II (1802-1851)
- Prince Leopold III. (1851-1873)
- Mayor: Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl (1847-1848) (1851-1852) (1857-1858)
- Grand Duke Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)
- Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II (1842-1883)
- Grand Duke: Georg (1816-1860)
- Duke: Adolf I (1839-1866)
- Grand Duke Paul Friedrich August (1829-1853)
- Prince Heinrich XX. (1836-1859)
- Prince Heinrich LXII. (1848-1854)
- King Friedrich August II (1836-1854)
- Duke: Georg (1848-1853)
- Duke Ernst II (1844-1893)
- Duke Bernhard II (1803-1866)
- Grand Duke Carl Friedrich (1828-1853)
- Prince Georg Wilhelm (1787-1860) to 1807 Count
- Prince Friedrich Günther (1807-1867)
- Prince Günther Friedrich Karl II (1835-1880)
- Prince Georg Viktor (1845-1893)
- King: William I (1816-1864)
- France: President: Louis- Napoléon Bonaparte (1848-1851)
- Emperor Napoleon III. (1851-1870)
- Greece King Otto I. (1832-1862)
- Italian States Church State Pope Pius IX. (1846-1870) (1870 resolution of the Papal States - pontificate ends 1878)
- King Franz Joseph ( 1848-1859/66 )
- Duke Franz V. (1846-1859)
- Duke: Karl III. (1849-1854)
- Captains Regent: Giambattista Bonelli, Marino Berti (1 October 1850-1 April 1851. )
- Captains Regent: Francesco Guidi Giangi, Marco Suzzi Valli (1 April 1851-1 October 1851. )
- Captains Regent: Domenic 'Antonio Bartolotti, Antonio Para (1 October 1851-1 April 1852. )
- King, Victor Emmanuel II (1849-1861)
- King Ferdinand II (1830-1859)
- Grand Duke Leopold II (1824-1859)
- Monaco Prince Florestan (1841-1856)
- Montenegro ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince-bishop ( Vladika ): Petar II Petrović - Njegoš ( 1830-1851 )
- Prince-bishop ( Vladika ) Danilo II Petrović - Njegoš ( 1851-1860 ) ( 1852 Prince )
- Neutral Moresnet: Ruler: Leopold I, King of the Belgians (1831-1865)
- Ruler: Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840-1861)
- Mayor Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx (1817-1859)
- Netherlands King Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)
- Norway King Oscar I (1844-1859) (identical with Oscar I of Sweden, Swedish -Norwegian personal union )
- Ottoman Empire Sultan Abdülmecid I (1839-1861)
- Portugal Queen Maria II (1826-1828, 1834-1853)
- King Ferdinand II (1837-1853)
- Russia Tsar Nicholas I. (1825-1855)
- Sweden King Oscar I (1844-1859) (identical with Oscar I of Norway, Norwegian - Swedish personal union )
- Serbia ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Aleksandar Karadjordjević (1842-1858)
- Spain Queen Isabella II (1833-1868)
- Hungary King Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)
- United Kingdom Queen Victoria (1837-1901)
- Prime Minister John Russell (1846-1852)