List of state leaders in 1865

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Africa

• Egypt Khedive ( Viceroy ) Ismail Pasha ( 1863-1867 )

• Ethiopia Kaiser: Theodore II (1855-1867)

• Buganda King, Mutesa I. (1856-1884)

• Bunyoro King: Kyebambe IV (1852-1869)

• Burundi King: Mwezi Gisabo IV (1852-1908)

• Dahomey King: Glele (1856-1889)

• Liberia President: Daniel Bashiel Warner (1864-1868)

• Morocco Sultan Sidi Mohammed IV (1859-1873)

• Rwanda King: Kigeri IV (1853-1895)

• Sokoto Caliphate Caliph Ahmad bin Atiku (1859-1866)

• Republic of South Africa President: Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (1864-1871)

• Zulu King Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840-1872)

America

North America

• Confederate States of America (until May 10, disputed) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Jefferson Davis ( 1861-10 May 1865. )

• Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: Emperor Maximilian I (1864-1867)

• United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President Abraham Lincoln ( 1861-15. April 1865 )
• President Andrew Johnson (April 15, 1865-1869 )

Central America

• Costa Rica Heads of State and Head of Government: President Jesús Jiménez Zamora (1863-1866, 1868-1870)

• Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Antonio Pimentel ( 1861-14. November 1865 )
• President Buenaventura Baez (November 14, 1865-1866 )

• El Salvador Heads of state and head of government: President Francisco Dueñas (1852-1854, 1863-1871)

• Guatemala Heads of State and Head of Government: President Rafael Carrera y Turcios (1844-1848, 1851-14. April 1865 )
• ( transitional ) Pedro de Aycinena ( 14 April-3 May 1865)
• President Vicente Cerna (3 May 1865-1871 )

• Haiti Heads of State and Head of Government: President Fabre Geffrard (1859-1867)

• Honduras Heads of State and Head of Government: President José María Medina (1863-1872)

• Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: President Tomás Martínez (1857-1867)

South America

• Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Bartolomé Mitre (1862-1868)

• Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Mariano Melgarejo (1864-1871)

• Brazil Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831-1889)

• Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Joaquín Pérez (1861-1871)

• Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Gabriel García Moreno ( 1859-4. September 1865 )
• President Jerónimo Carrión (September 7, 1865 to 1867 )

• Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Murillo Toro (1864-1866)

• Paraguay Heads of state and head of government: President Francisco Solano López (1862-1870)

• Peru (disputed ) Heads of State and Head of Government: (acting) First Vice-President Juan Antonio Pezet ( 1863-25. April 1865 )
• President Mariano Ignacio Prado ( 25 April-24 June 1865)
• President Juan Antonio Pezet ( June 24 to November 8 1865)
• (acting) Pedro Diez Canseco ( 8 November to 28 November 1865)
• President Mariano Ignacio Prado (November 28, 1865-1868 )

• Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: (acting) Senate President Atanasio Cruz Aguirre ( 1864-15 February. , 1865 )
• (acting) Senate President Tomás Villalba ( 15 February to 20 February 1865)
• (provisional) Venancio Flores ( February 20 1865 to 1868 )

• Venezuela Heads of state and head of government: President Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (1863-1868)

Asia

• Abu Dhabi Emir: Zayed I. (1855-1909)

• Ajman Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848-1872)

• Afghanistan Amir Shir Ali Khan (1863-1866)

• Bahrain Emir Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1842-1868)

• China ( Qing Dynasty ) Kaiser: Tongzhi (1861-1874)

• British India Viceroy John Lawrence (1864-1869)

• Japan Kaiser: Komei (1846-1867)
• Shogun: ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Iemochi ( 1858-1866 )

• Korea King Gojong (1864-1897)

• Kuwait Emir: Sabbah II (1859-1866)

• Oman Sultan: Thuwaini bin Said (1856-1866)

• Ottoman Empire Sultan Abdulaziz (1861-1876)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty ) Shah: Naser ad -Din Shah (1848-1896)

• Thailand King Mongkut, King of Thailand (1851-1868)

Australasia

• Hawaii King Kamehameha V ​​(1863-1872)

Europe

• Andorra Co - Prince: Emperor of France: Napoleon III. (1848-1870)
• Bishop of Urgell: Josep Caixal i Estradé (1851-1879)

• Belgium King Leopold I. (1831-1865)
• King Leopold II (1865-1909)

• Denmark King Christian IX. (1863-1906) Prime Minister: Christian Albrecht Bluhme (1864-1865)
• Prime Minister: Christian Emil Krag - Juel - Vind - Frijs (1865-1870)

• German Bund Austria Emperor Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)
• Prime Minister: Archduke Rainer of Austria (1861-1865)
• Prime Minister: Alexander Graf von Mensdorff -Pouilly (June 26, 1865 - July 27, 1865 )
• Prime Minister: Richard Earl of Belcredi (1865-1867)

• King: William I (1861-1888) Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck (1862-1873)

• Duke Leopold IV (1863-1871)

• Grand Duke Friedrich I. (1856-1907)

• King: Ludwig II (1864-1882)

• Duke Wilhelm (1831-1884)

• Mayor: Johann Daniel Meier (1862-1865) (1868-1871)
• Mayor: Carl Friedrich Gottfried Mohr (1857-1861) (1864-1867) (1870-1873)

• Mature Mayor: Philipp Friedrich Gwinner (1865 )

• Mayor: Friedrich Sieveking (1861-1862) (1865 ) ( 1868)

• King George V (1851-1866)

• Grand Duke Ludwig III. (1848-1877)

• Landgraf: Ferdinand (1848-1866)

• Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1847-1866)

• Under the administration of Austria and Prussia (1864-1866)

• Prince Johann II (1858-1929)

• Prince Leopold III. (1851-1873)

• Mayor: Heinrich Brehmer (1849-1850) (1861-1862) (1865-1866)

• Grand Duke Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II (1842-1883)

• Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm (1860-1904)

• Duke: Adolf I (1839-1866)

• Grand Duke Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853-1900)

• Prince Heinrich XXII. (1859-1902) until 1867 under guardianship
• Regent: Caroline of Hesse- Homburg (1859-1867)

• Prince Heinrich LXVII. (1854-1867)

• King Johann (1854-1873)

• Duke Ernst I. (1853-1908)

• Duke Ernst II (1844-1893)

• Duke Bernhard II (1803-1866)

• Grand Duke Carl Alexander (1853-1901)

• Prince: Adolf I Georg (1860-1893)

• Prince Friedrich Günther (1807-1867)

• Prince Günther Friedrich Karl II (1835-1880)

• Prince Georg Viktor (1845-1893)

• King: Karl (1864-1891)

• France Emperor Napoléon III. (1851-1870)

• Greece King: George I (1863-1913)

• Italy King, Victor Emmanuel II (1861-1878)

• Monaco Prince Charles III. (1856-1889)

• Montenegro ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860-1918) ( from 1910 king)

• Neutral Moresnet Ruler: Leopold I, King of Belgium (1831-1865)
• King Leopold II (1865-1909)
• King: William I (1861-1888)
• Mayor: Joseph Kohl (1859-1882)

• Netherlands King Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Norway King Charles IV (1859-1872) (. Identical to Charles XV of Sweden, Swedish -Norwegian personal union )

• Turkey: Sultan Abdulaziz (1861-1876)

• Portugal King: Ludwig I (1861-1889)

• Romania ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Alexander John I (1862-1866)

• Russia Tsar Alexander II (1855-1881)

• Sweden King Karl XV. (1859-1872) (identical to Charles IV of Sweden, Swedish -Norwegian personal union )

• Serbia ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Mihailo Obrenović (1839-1842) (1860-1868)

• Spain Queen Isabella II (1833-1868)

• Hungary King Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)

• United Kingdom Queen Victoria (1837-1901)
• Prime Minister: Henry John Temple (1859-1865)
• John Russell (1865-1866)