Lithuanian encyclopedias

Lithuanian encyclopedias are encyclopedias that are published in Lithuanian or encyclopedias that describe Lithuania or topics related to Lithuania. It appeared to date, various important Lithuanian general encyclopaedias, an unfinished currently being developed because of the war of the 1930s in independent Lithuania, two in the United States, three in the Lithuanian SSR, another will. The first known attempt at a Lithuanian encyclopedia dates from 1883, when the Tsarist authorities Jonas Jacevičius refused permission for such a publication.

More important encyclopaedias

Independent Lithuania (1918-1944)

The path to the first Lithuanian Encyclopedia, Lietuviškoji enciklopedija was long and difficult. 1910, Antanas Olšauskas, a Lithuanian immigrant in Chicago, putting together a team of editors, but financial difficulties and disagreements between editors led in 1912 to the failure of the project. Soon after the declaration of independence of 1918 1924 two new efforts were launched. Firstly, the publishing house Švyturys wanted ( German: Lighthouse ) publish a general encyclopedia, on the other hand was planning the publishing house Kultura in Šiauliai an encyclopedia about Lithuania and issues relating to Lithuania. Both initiatives failed in the financing. 1929 took Spaudos Fonda ( German: Press Fund ) and Lietuvių Katalikų Mokslo Academia ( German: Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Sciences) independently the publication of the first encyclopedia in attack. In 1931 they decided to zusammenzuspannen and published on October 1, 1931, the first shipment of Lietuviškoji enciklopedija. Vaclovas Biržiška was appointed senior editor. After a bumpy start of each month appeared a delivery, the publication way resembled that of a periodical scientific journal. Twelve individual deliveries formed a band of the encyclopedia. The first volume of about 5000 articles and 700 illustrations, was completed in 1933. Nine more volumes followed, and the tenth (until the letter J ) was on the way, as of 1944, the Soviet occupation of Lithuania brought the pressure to a halt. This encyclopedia was never completed.

Lithuanians abroad

The idea of a Lithuanian Encyclopedia was revived after the war in the United States. Juozas Kapočius organized in Boston, Massachusetts, a team of editors and Vaclovas Biržiška was its director. 1953 to 1966, they released 35 volumes of the Lietuvių enciklopedija (often after their publication called Boston Encyclopedia ) in Lithuanian. Two volumes with supplements and amendments followed in 1969 and 1985. It is often assumed that they continued the work of the aborted first encyclopedia. The company was particularly difficult because most of the sources in Lithuania had remained and were now behind the Iron Curtain. However, the Encyclopedia is the largest of the Lithuanian encyclopedias today. Published in 1970 to 1978, the same group of persons the six-volume English-language Encyclopedia Lituanica about Lithuania and related topics. These, in turn, is still the most comprehensive work on Lithuania in English.

Lithuanian SSR (1945-1990)

In Soviet Lithuania, the three-volume Mažoji lietuviškoji tarybinė enciklopedija was only from 1966 to 1971, ie after the Boston Encyclopedia ( German: Short - Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia ) edited, treated exclusively Lithuania - related topics. 1976-1985 appeared the twelve-volume (plus a supplementary volume ) Lietuviškoji tarybinė enciklopedija (or LTE). It is because of their color cover and political orientation often called the Red. It is still valuable for general scientific purposes, while the representation of social science themes of Soviet propaganda was subjected. While Marxism- Leninism and the Communist Party received much attention, " more uncomfortable " aspects of the Lithuanian history have been hidden. 1985-1988 was the four-volume Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija (or TLE), which dealt only with issues related to Lithuania, published. She followed the example of the first LTE very close. The last volume, however, already showed greater openness in dealing with historical facts, are under the influence of Glasnost and the Sąjūdis movement was possible due to a less strict censorship.

Independent Lithuania (since 1990)

(: - Was the direct successor to the publishing Mosklas appeared in the LTE Science and Encyclopedia Publishing Institute German ) the Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija ( abbreviated as VLE, German: General Lithuanian encyclopedia ) published since 2001 Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. The conclusion of the work is scheduled for 2010 to 2012. This appropriation is 115,000 articles and 24,000 illustrations, in 20 volumes, each approximately 800 pages. 20-25 percent of the content will be dedicated Lithuanian topics. By the summer of 2010, 17 volumes have already appeared.

Swell

  • Antanas Climate: Two Lithuanian Encyclopedias completed. In: Lituanus. Lithuanian Quarterly Journal of Arts and Sciences. 25 ( 4), Winter 1979, ISSN 0024-5089. ( spotted on 30 August 2006, English)
  • Vaclovas Biržiška (ed.): Lietuviškoji enciklopedija. Spaudos Fonda, 1933, pp. 5-8. ( Preface, Volume 1 )
  • Jonas Žinkus and others ( ed.): Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedia. Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988, p.702 ( epilogue, Volume 4 )
  • Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija: Apie. Science & Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute. ( spotted on August 30, 2006)
  • Dictionary or encyclopedia
  • Literature ( Lithuanian)
  • Science (Lithuania )
Marxism–Leninism Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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