LTE-Advanced
LTE Advanced ( Long - Term Evolution -Advanced ) is an extension of LTE mobile standard, which allows for higher data transfer rates. Improvements include higher bandwidth with up to 1000 megabits per second and lower latencies. The first LTE -Advanced devices are up to 2013 [ deprecated] come in Germany on the market, and existing LTE base stations require only a software update.
Background
As with the design of the UMTS standard, which was designed to meet the ever increasing demands in mobile networks righteous, the LTE mobile technology has been designed to be technically extended over time. First thoughts and concepts to have been in 2002 with the ITU -R proposal ( Working Party 8F ) "Future development of IMT -2000 and systems beyond IMT -2000" ( "Future development of IMT -2000 and systems under the IMT -2000 " ) worked. Other working groups were formed according to the Radiocommunication Assembly in 2007 ( RA -07). Moreover, it was one that achieved for the development of LTE important international agreement on the frequency distribution on the WTC 07. In September 2009, the proposal " LTE Release 10 & beyond (LTE -Advanced ) " was developed by the 3GPP Working Group submitted to the ITU to the previous LTE Release 8 (also known as IMT -2000) to replace and thus officially by the ITU- R made in 2008 of requirements IMT -Advanced to meet. At the Mobile World Congress 2011 in Barcelona LTE-Advanced was then presented, then one reached under laboratory conditions 1.2 Gbit / s A test of Ericsson with LTE Advanced in June 2011 took place under live conditions with a commercially available hardware and they managed it in the download 900 Mbit / s
In October 2011, the proposal was approved by fulfilling the ITU -R Working Group WP5D as complete and all criteria and thus officially adopted.
Technical Details
- LTE Advanced is backwards compatible with LTE, that even older LTE devices, the new systems may continue to use.
- , With the blank configuration of two or more transmit and receive antennas ( multiple antenna technology or MIMO technology) and its related technologies such as CoMP (Coordinated multipoint transmission and reception ) be used in parallel in heterogeneous networks, several base stations (even at different respective signal strengths ).
- Relay method
- The available frequencies differ depending on the country, and this is the LTE-Advanced support global roaming.
- Application-specific advantages:
- Real-time games ( low latency )
- Broadband connection for non-mobile end users, replaces the wired broadband connection ( contractually, as with Vodafone regulated, then limited only to certain regions available )
- VoIP audio and video telephony (if appropriate protocols are not blocked as in many German providers)
Changes compared to LTE
Requirements for LTE advanced are:
- Increased peak data rates of 1 Gbps DL, UL 1 Gbps
- Higher spectral efficiency of 16bps/Hz in Rel 8 to 30 bps / Hz in Rel 10
- Higher number of concurrent users
- Higher data rates at the cell edge, for example, for DL 2x2 MIMO at least 2.4 bps / Hz / cell
The most important new features that have been introduced with LTE advanced:
- Carrier aggregation ( CA),
- Improved use of multi- antenna techniques ( MIMO 8x8 in DL)
- Support of Relay Node ( RN).
Carrier concentration
Up to five times the bundling of 3.9G specified 20 MHz component carriers are possible, even if they are spectrally separate in the frequency band. Carriers can be bundled together from other bands. In this case, the number of component carrier scaled dynamically according to requirements of the data rate within a few milliseconds. The data is distributed by a network side to the scheduler component carriers required in each case (depending on OFDM resources antenna constellation, modulation and coding level), based on various criteria, such as QoS parameters load, buffer and channel conditions.
Improvements
The current standardization process has already held some points for further improvements.