Luch (satellite)
Lozenges (Russian Луч for beam, even in the English spelling Luch ) is a series of Russian communications satellites.
Similar to transfer the American TDRS satellites sending signals between spacecraft (for example, the ISS) and the earth. They were developed originally for communication between the Mir space station and the space shuttle Buran, which were equipped with systems to communicate with the satellite lozenges.
A military version of the relay satellite, called Geyzer, flew on 18 May in 1982 under the code name Kosmos- 1366th In the same year launched the development of later sucking satellites. These were equipped with three folded at Start antennas with a diameter of 1.6, 3 and 4.5 meters, which were developed by the Materials Science Institute in Kiev. The unique mesh material used for this purpose needed for large-scale production of highly specialized machines that were purchased by NPO PM in the Federal Republic of Germany.
The first generation was built sucking on the basis of the KAUR -4 satellite bus, and was with the Arion transponder of NPO Radiopribor ( Ryazanskiy ) equipped. The satellite had a three- axis control and solar panels of 40 square meters, which provided a power of 1800 watts. The basic structure corresponded to that of KAUR -3, but it was equipped with entirely new systems. So a digital computer, plasma thrusters for attitude control and hydrazine thrusters for orbit control. The antennas had an alignment accuracy of 0.5 degrees, the satellite itself of 0.1 degrees. Each satellite is equipped with three transponders and had a nominal lifetime of five years. The modernized sucking 2 model allowed the simultaneous operation of two data channels with high bandwidth and allowed the real-time television transmission from the Mir space station.
The sucking system currently consists of four different types of satellites:
Were launched satellites of the first type on 25 October 1985 ( Kosmos 1700), November 26, 1987 ( Kosmos 1897), December 27, 1989 ( Kosmos 2054 ) and on 16 December 1994 ( Luch -1). The second type developed from 1993 onwards started again on 11 October 1995 ( Luch -2) and 11 December 2011 was followed by the first satellite of the third type ( Luch -5A ). The fourth type lozenge -4 has not yet been started.
The two satellites of the series 5 lozenges were built on the basis of the satellite bus Ekspress 1000A of the Russian company Reschentnjow. They were ordered in 2005 from Roscosmos, which could also rely on non-Russian components, for example, Japanese Elektronibauteile after the end of the Cold War. You have a launch mass of only about 1.1 tons and transfer data with a total of seven transponders with 5 Mbit / s in S- and about 150 Mbit / s in the Ku- band. Your life expectancy is 10 years. Both satellites can be received and also send signals of the search and rescue system COSPAS- SARSAT. About Lolly -5A and the planned satellite Luch -5B and -4 also SDCM correction signals for satellite navigation systems GLONASS and GPS will be disseminated.