Lutjanidae

Humpback snapper ( Lutjanus gibbus )

The snapper ( Lutjanidae ) are a family of perch relatives ( Percomorphaceae ). They live in coastal tropical and subtropical regions of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific and swim rarely in brackish water and estuaries. Many are important food fish, but can be poisoned by ciguatera. Under the trade name " Red Snapper " different fish to be sold in Germany Lutjanus malabaricus and Lutjanus campechanus in the U.S. under the English name "Red Snapper ".

Features

There are usually medium to large fish with large heads and large, terminal mouth. Front in its mouth sitting large fangs in most species. Also the palatine bone and sometimes the vomer bear small teeth. Their dorsal fin has grown together, there is an indentation between hartstrahligem and soft-rayed part. The caudal fin is slightly emarginate to deeply. The approach of the pelvic fins located directly behind the base of the pectoral fins.

Fins formula: Dorsal IX-XII/9-18, Anal III/7-11

Snapper depending on the type 15 inches long and 1.60 meters.

Reproduction

Reproduction was observed in only a few types. Snapper congregate to spawn at full or new moon in large flocks before reefs. The eggs are very small (usually less than a millimeter in diameter), a female can deliver up to half a million. The fry hatch after 18 hours to a few days and live initially hidden in shallow waters, in estuaries or mangroves, and brackish water. In some species, the juveniles have a completely different color than the adult.

System

There are more than 100 species in 17 genera and four subfamilies:

• Subfamily Apsilinae Apsilus Apsilus gyrus ( Guichenot, 1853)
• Tailed snapper ( Apsilus fuscus ) ( Valenciennes, 1830)

• Lipocheilus carnolabrum (Chan, 1970)

• Paracaesio brevidentata White, Load, 2012
• Paracaesio caerulea ( Katayama, 1934)
• Paracaesio gonzalesi ( Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979)
• Paracaesio kusakarii ( Abe, 1960)
• Paracaesio paragrapsimodon ( Anderson & Kailola, 1992)
• Paracaesio sordida ( Abe & Shinohara, 1962)
• Paracaesio stonei ( Raj & Seeto, 1983)
• Paracaesio waltervadi ( Anderson & Collette, 1992)
• Paracaesio xanthura ( Bleeker, 1869)

• Parapristipomoides squamimaxillaris ( Kami, 1973)

• Aphareus Aphareus furca ( Lacépède, 1801)
• Aphareus rutilans ( Cuvier, 1830)

• Aprion virescens ( Valenciennes, 1830)

• Etelis carbunculus ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Etelis coruscans ( Valenciennes, 1862)
• Etelis oculatus ( Valenciennes, 1828)
• Etelis radiosus ( Anderson, 1981)

• Pristipomoides aquilonaris ( Goode & Bean, 1896)
• Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus ( Valenciennes, 1832)
• Pristipomoides auricilla (Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka, 1927)
• Pristipomoides filamentosus ( Valenciennes, 1830)
• Pristipomoides flavipinnis ( Shinohara, 1963)
• Pristipomoides freemani ( Anderson, 1966)
• Pristipomoides macrophthalmus ( Müller & Troschel, 1848)
• Pristipomoides multidens ( Day, 1871)
• Pristipomoides sieboldii ( Bleeker, 1854)
• Pristipomoides typus ( Bleeker, 1852)
• Pristipomoides zonatus ( Valenciennes, 1830)

• Randallichthys filamentosus ( Fourmanoir, 1970)

• Hoplopagrus Hoplopagrus guentherii ( Gill, 1862)

• Lutjanus adetii ( Castelnau, 1873)
• Lutjanus agennes ( Bleeker, 1863)
• Lutjanus alexandrei ( Moura & Lindeman, 2007)
• Lutjanus ambiguus ( Poey, 1860)
• Lutjanus analis ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Schoolmaster snapper ( Lutjanus apodus ) ( Walbaum, 1792)
• Lutjanus aratus ( Günther, 1864)
• Copper snapper ( Lutjanus argentimaculatus ) ( Forsskål, 1775)
• Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1869)
• Bengal snapper ( Lutjanus bengalensis ) ( Bloch, 1790)
• Lutjanus biguttatus ( Valenciennes, 1830)
• Lutjanus bitaeniatus ( Valenciennes, 1830)
• Lutjanus bohar ( Forsskål, 1775)
• Lutjanus boutton ( Lacépède, 1802)
• Lutjanus buccanella ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Northern snapper ( Lutjanus campechanus ) ( Poey, 1860)
• Lutjanus carponotatus ( Richardson, 1842)
• Lutjanus coeruleolineatus ( Rüppell, 1838)
• Lutjanus colorado ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)
• Lutjanus cyanopterus ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Lutjanus decussatus ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Lutjanus dentatus ( Duméril, 1861)
• Lutjanus dodecacanthoides ( Bleeker, 1854)
• Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869)
• Lutjanus endecacanthus ( Bleeker, 1863)
• Lutjanus erythropterus ( Bloch, 1790)
• Lutjanus fulgens ( Valenciennes, 1830)
• Lutjanus fulviflamma ( Forsskål, 1775)
• Lutjanus fuscescens ( Valenciennes, 1830)
• Humpback snapper ( Lutjanus gibbus ) ( Forsskål, 1775)
• Lutjanus goldiei ( Macleay, 1882)
• Lutjanus goreensis ( Valenciennes, 1830)
• Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Lutjanus guilcheri ( Fourmanoir, 1959)
• Lutjanus guttatus ( Steindachner, 1869)
• Lutjanus inermis (Peters, 1869)
• Lutjanus jocu ( Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
• Lutjanus johnii ( Bloch, 1792)
• Lutjanus jordani ( Gilbert, 1898)
• Blue stripe snapper ( Lutjanus kasmira ) ( Forsskål, 1775)
• Lutjanus lemniscatus ( Valenciennes, 1828)
• Lutjanus lunulatus ( Park, 1797)
• Lutjanus lutjanus ( Bloch, 1790)
• Lutjanus madras ( Valenciennes, 1831)
• Lutjanus mahogoni ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Malabar snapper ( Lutjanus malabaricus ) ( Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
• Lutjanus maxweberi ( Popta, 1921)
• Lutjanus mizenkoi ( Allen & Talbot, 1985)
• Lutjanus mono stigma ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Lutjanus notatus ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Lutjanus novemfasciatus ( Gill, 1862)
• Lutjanus ophuysenii ( Bleeker, 1860)
• Lutjanus peru ( Nichols & Murphy, 1922)
• Lutjanus purpureus ( Poey, 1876)
• Lutjanus quinquelineatus ( Bloch, 1790)
• Lutjanus rivulatus ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Lutjanus rufolineatus ( Valenciennes, 1830)
• Lutjanus russellii ( Bleeker, 1849)
• Lutjanus sanguineus ( Cuvier, 1828)
• Lutjanus sebae ( Cuvier, 1816)
• Lutjanus semicinctus ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
• Lutjanus stellatus ( Akazaki, 1983)
• Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Lutjanus timorensis ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
• Lutjanus viridis ( Valenciennes, 1846)
• Lutjanus vitta ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
• Lutjanus vivanus ( Cuvier, 1828)

• Macolor macularis ( Fowler, 1931)
• Black snapper ( Macolor niger) ( Forsskål, 1775)

• Yellowtail Snapper ( Ocyurus chrysurus ) ( Bloch, 1791)

• Pinjalo lewisi ( Randall, Allen & Anderson, 1987)
• Pinjalo Pinjalo ( Bleeker, 1850)

• Rhomboplites aurorubens ( Cuvier, 1829)

• Symphorichthys Symphorichthys spilurus ( Günther, 1874)

• Zimtschnapper ( Symphorus nematophorus ) ( Bleeker, 1860)