Maclura
Dyer's mulberry tree ( Maclura tinctoria )
The plant genus Maclura belongs to the mulberry family ( Moraceae ). The genus name honors the American geologist Maclura William Maclure ( 1763-1840 ).
Description
Maclura species are woody plants. They grow as an evergreen or deciduous, small to large trees, shrubs or lianas climbing up upright. They contain latex. All Maclura species have axillary, strong, straight and curved thorns sprout, at least as long as they are young. The alternate and spirally arranged or distichous leaves are simple and stalked. The simple leaf blade is pinnately. The leaf margin is smooth. The two stipules are not fused, in which they differ from many other Moraceae.
Maclura species are dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). The axillary inflorescences capitate, racemose or ährig. There often are many bracts at the base of the inflorescence. The two to four bracts per flower are fused with the calyx; each with two yellow glands. In the male flowers the most four ( rarely three or five) sepals are free, or at most adherent at its base and usually four ( rarely three or five) stamens are. The female inflorescences are spherical. In the sessile female flowers fleshy sepals are free or fused, and the short style ends in one or two unequal scars.
In the fleshy and more or less spherical fruit dressing the bracts and the calyx are enlarged. The egg-shaped single stone fruits, the surface looks like a shell and they are enveloped by the fleshy calyx. The seeds are thin and fleshy.
The broad cotyledons ( cotyledons ) are twisted differently and equal or unequal.
Systematics and distribution
Maclura species there are in Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, the Pacific Islands and South America. Five species thrive in China.
The genus Maclura was Thomas Nuttall in 1818 in The genera of North American plants, Volume 2: pp. 233 installed. It belongs to the tribe Moreae within the family of the mulberry family ( Moraceae ). Synonyms for Maclura Nutt. are: Cardiogyne Bureau, Chlorophora Gaudich, Cudrania Trecul, Fusticus Raf, Raf Ioxylon, × Macludrania André, Plecospermum Trecul, Vanieria Lour ... ..
The genus Maclura is divided into five sections:
- Section Cardiogyne ( Bureau) Corner
- Section Chlorophora ( Gaudich. ) Baill.
- Section Cudrania ( Trecul ) Corner: With two series Connatae Corner and liberae Corner
- Section Maclura
- Section Plecospermum ( Trecul ) C.C.Berg
There are about twelve Maclura types:
- Maclura africana ( Bureau) Corner: History Africa.
- Maclura amboinensis Flower: native China.
- Maclura andamanica (King ex J.D.Hooker ) C.C.Berg
- Maclura cochinchinensis ( Loureiro ) Corner ( Syn: Cudrania cochinchinensis, Cudrania javanensis, Vanieria cochinchinensis ): home to China.
- Maclura excelsa: History of West Africa.
- Maclura fruticosa ( Roxburgh ) Corner: History of China.
- Milk or orange tree Osagedorn ( Maclura pomifera ( Raf. ) cutting, Syn. Ioxylon pomiferum ): native to North America. For some authors, the only species of the genus.
- Maclura pubescens ( Trecul ) ZKZhou & MGGilbert: History China.
- Maclura spinosa ( Roxb. ex Willd. ) C.C.Berg
- Maclura thorelii Corner
- Dyer's mulberry tree ( Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex Steud. ) Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex Steud. subsp. tinctoria ( Syn: Chlorophora tinctoria, Morus tinctoria )
- Maclura tinctoria subsp. mora ( Griseb. ) Vazq.Avila ( Syn: Maclura mora )
Use
Some types of fruit, and the wood can be used. Few species are used for dyeing. (see Artartikel milk orange tree, tree silkworms, dyed mulberry )
Pictures
Milk orange tree ( Maclura pomifera ):
Fruit Association.
Fruit dressing inside.
Swell
- Zhengyi Wu, Zhe - Kun Zhou & Michael G. Gilbert: Moraceae in the Flora of China, Volume 5, page 35: Maclura - Online.
- Abdul Ghafoor: Moraceae in the Flora of Pakistan: Maclura - Online.
- Maclura in Flora of Australia, Volume 3, 1989: Flora of Australia Online.