Magnolia sieboldii

Flowers of summer magnolia (Magnolia sieboldii )

The Summer Magnolia (Magnolia sieboldii ), also known as Siebold's magnolia, is a plant species in the genus Magnolia (Magnolia ). This deciduous shrub native to East Asia and is sometimes used in temperate areas as an ornamental tree.

Description

The Summer Magnolia is a large, deciduous shrub or small tree that reaches a height up to 10 meters. The trunk branches just above the ground, forming a funnel-shaped, widely spreading crown. Young twigs are gray - brown and hairy, older branches are bare and have a light gray bark.

The alternate, leathery leaves are nine to 15 inches long and about four to nine inches wide. The leaf shape is broadly obovate. The blade tip is running out shortly pointed, the leaf base broadly cuneate to slightly cordate. In hand, the leaves are bluish frosted and covered with hair. The stipules are fused to one half the length of the petiole with this.

The fragrant flowers appear shortly after the leaves in May to June. The flowers unfold from solitary at the ends of the branches and buds reach 7 to 10 inches in diameter. The hairy pedicel measures three to seven centimeters, the flowers are tilted to one side or hang down. The floral organs of the hermaphrodite flower are arranged spirally. There are nine white bloom cladding ( tepals ) available. The three outer bracts are larger and more rounded at the base, while at the base are six inner strikingly narrow. In the center of the flower are numerous pink to purple -red color of stamens and numerous green stamp. The resulting oval, 2-7 cm long Sammelbalgfrucht is first green and turn red later. The seeds are surrounded by a red seed coat ( aril ).

The chromosome number is 2n = 38

Distribution area

The Summer Magnolia comes from East Asia, it comes from Japan ( Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu ) via Korea to north- eastern China before. Related species which occur as China, are more common in the southwest and far separated from the grounds of the Summer magnolia.

Use

The Summer Magnolia is occasionally used as ornamental tree. It was introduced in 1865 to Europe. Due to the fairly late flowering and a large Hardiness they can be cultivated in areas where in earlier flowering magnolias freeze the flower buds. Only a few varieties and hybrids were read:

• ' Genesis ' - tetraploid form with thicker petals.
• ' Kwanso ' - This variety has a higher number of petals.
• 'Minor ' - In all parts smaller variety.
• 'Variegata' - leaves variegated white.
• Magnolia × wieseneri → M. hypoleuca × M. sieboldii - By 1890 describes this intersection occurs occasionally in Japan naturally.
• ' Charles Coates ' → M. sieboldii × M. tripetala - 1946 originated in the Royal Botanical Garden at Kew.

System

Within the genus Magnolia is the summer in Magnolia subgenus Magnolia, will be located there in the section and subsection Rhytidospermum Oyama. The subsection Oyama still contains the closely related species Magnolia globosa and Magnolia wilsonii. They are also designated as a summer magnolias, but are still less common in Europe. Plants of the summer magnolia from Japan are the subspecies Magnolia sieboldii ssp. japonica K.Ueda assigned. They differ by lighter stamens and a smaller size. From central China originating plants are sometimes referred to as Magnolia sieboldii ssp. sinensis ( Rehder & EHWilson ) Spongberg referred to, but also Magnolia globosa assigned or performed as a separate species Magnolia sinensis. Synonyms for Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch are: Magnolia parviflora Sieb. et Zucc. , Magnolia oyama Kort, Magnolia verecunda Koidz. The specific epithet honors sieboldii Philipp Franz von Siebold ( 1796-1866 ).

There are three subspecies:

• Magnolia sieboldii subsp. japonica K. Ueda: Natural occurrence, there are in Japan. It is a low shrub whose flowers contain six bracts and greenish white stamens.
• Magnolia sieboldii subsp. sieboldii: Natural occurrence, there are in Japan, Korea and eastern China. The trees or large shrubs, their leaves are rarely over 16 cm smaller than in the other subspecies and they have flowers with nine to twelve bloom cladding and reddish to purple stamens.
• Magnolia sieboldii subsp. sinensis ( Rehder & EH Wilson) Spongberg: Natural occurrence there in the southwestern China (Sichuan ). It differs by larger leaves (usually about 22 cm) from the other subspecies.

Symbolism

The magnolia is a national symbol of North Korea and the subject specially the summer magnolia commonly used, for example, displayed as a watermark on the won - bills, as well as the main motif on the front of the 100 -Won - certificate from 2008. Also, the monument to the reunification in Pyongyang shows a summer magnolia.