Magnolia tripetala
Umbrella magnolia (Magnolia tripetala )
The umbrella magnolia (Magnolia tripetala ) is a flowering plant in the genus Magnolia. It comes from the south-eastern North America.
Description
Appearance and leaf
The umbrella magnolia grows as a small to medium sized tree, often multi-stemmed, and reaches heights of growth 9-15 meters. The trunks have a smooth, gray bark and young twigs she is bald and purple - brown, often covered as waxy. The leaf buds are bald.
The alternate to the end of the branches quirlartig gehäuftstehenden true leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 3 to 4 inches long. The relatively thin, simple, relatively large leaf blade is at a length of usually 26-57 ( 10-70 ) cm and a width of ( 7.2 to ) 10 to 30 centimeters elliptic -oblong to narrowly obovate with a short, remote peak. The lower leaf surface is hairy when they emerge, especially the midrib. The early falling stipules are hairy with a length of usually 6.6 to 9.4 ( 4-10 ) cm and a width of 2.6 to 3.7 centimeters relatively large and hand red glandular, sparsely soft.
Flower
The flower buds are covered by two buds imbricate bracts. The flowers are at the end of the branches on 5 to 7 centimeters long pedicles.
The 15 to 25 inches wide flowers open in spring (April to May) as during the sprouting leaves and give off an unpleasant odor. The outer circle of three bloom cladding is greenish, these are bent back. Another six (sometimes just three or up to nine) bracts are white and stand upright. The 80 to 100 stamens are one to 2.5 inches long with purple stamens. There are 50 to 70 stamps available.
Fruit stand, fruit and seeds
The pin-like inflorescence ( Follicetum ) is colored cylindrical to egg-shaped and bright red with a length of 5 to 10 inches. The follicles have a length of 6 to 10 inches and a width of 2 to 3.5 inches and are langgeschnäbelt and bald. The seeds are lens-shaped to roundish. The seed coat ( aril ) is pink to red. The fruits ripen from July to October.
Dissemination
The Screen Magnolia comes from the south-eastern North America, especially the hill country of Appalachia is populated at altitudes of 1000 meters. Chance encounters they are also in the plane to the Atlantic coast. Within the large distribution area, the screen Magnolia is nowhere particularly common.
The sites are well supplied with water and nutrients woods and ravine forests.
Use
Rarely is the umbrella magnolia is used as ornamental tree. The flowers are not very showy and have an unpleasant odor, but the red fruits are an interesting sight.
The umbrella magnolia is also available in Europe in nurseries in the United States are sometimes some varieties to see:
- ' Bloomfield ' - Large leaves and flowers, fruits light pink to almost white
- ' Koeler ' - narrow pyramidal crown
- ' Woodlawn ' - slightly larger flowers, fruit very large
Further, there are some named hybrids:
- 'Silver Parasol ' - M. hypoleuca × M. tripetala
- ' Charles Coates ' - M. sieboldii × M. tripetala
- M. × thompsoniana ' Urbana ' - M. tripetala × M. virginiana
System
The specific epithet tripetala was given by Carl Linnaeus, who in 1753 published panelist as a variety of Magnolia virginiana, but then in 1759 recognized as a separate species. The name tripetale is misleading, because the umbrella magnolia has not three petals, but usually six; but three sepals and outer tepals. Desrousseaux tried this wrong from a technical view name in 1791 to be replaced by Magnolia umbrella, forcing the nomenclature rules but to use Linnaeus first published name.
Magnolia tripetala belongs to subsection Rhytidospermum from the section Rhytidospermum in the subgenus Magnolia within the genus Magnolia. Next relatives are the native to East Asia Magnolia obovata, Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia rostrata. More magnolias that grow in the southeastern North America and the Screen Magnolia closely related, are Magnolia fraseri and the Moreton Bay Magnolia (Magnolia macrophylla).