Malate dehydrogenase
The malate dehydrogenase ( MDH), the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of L- malate to oxaloacetate. It is therefore essential in several parts of the metabolism of all aerobic living organisms, particularly in the citric acid cycle, in Aspartatzyklus, and the energy transport through the malate - aspartate shuttle. While prokaryotes have a single form of the enzyme, all eukaryotes have two isozymes, which are localized in the mitochondria and the cytoplasm ( MDHM and MDHC ). Fungi and plants also have another form in the glyoxisomes, which is involved in the glyoxylate cycle. Recently have plants in their chloroplasts still a form of the enzyme that takes essential tasks in the Calvin cycle and the specialized C4 - cycle or Crassulacean acid metabolism. The MDH of archaea, however, is closely related to the lactate dehydrogenase.