Malocclusion

A malocclusion is any position of a tooth outside the ideal arch form of the maxilla or mandible, which stands out aesthetically negative, or in the occlusion dysfunction ( malfunction ) causes. A distinction dental malocclusions ( " teeth are wrong," malocclusion ) of skeletal deformities ( " size or position deviations of the facial skeleton " ), and combinations of both.

  • 6.1 Types

Classification

The sagittal position of the jaws to each other is divided into Angle classes. On the other hand, misaligned teeth are angularly defined in its angulation to the occlusal plane. Finally, misaligned teeth are also replaced by Okklusionskurve ( curve of Spee, compensation curve ) defined, for example, if no Okklusionskurve exists, but a straight occlusal plane.

In the neutroclusion the maxillary dental arch extends over the mandibular dental arch. Biting teeth together directly, this is referred to as a head bite; are mandibular teeth further than vestibular maxillary teeth, this is called cross bite. Crossbite is usually a deviation in the transversals; but it may also be a deviation in the sagittal ( anterior teeth ).

If the maxilla more than the "normal" half tooth from the lower jaw, this is called prognathism ( " teeth are in front "); is the lower jaw in front of the upper jaw, this is called prognathism ( " chin lies ahead" ).

Angle classes

The American Angle Orthodontist has defined at the beginning of the 20th century, the occlusion. He proceeded from the occlusal relationship of the first permanent molars and drew conclusions about the relationship of the jaws to each other. Edwart Hartley Angle, Minneapolis, 1855-1930 is the founder of scientific orthodontics.

The classification of malocclusions after occlusion of the lower first molar in relation to the maxillary first molar is done according to the Angle classification.

The finding of the occlusal position in the sagittal plane is at

  • Class I: Neutral bite
  • Class II malocclusion
  • Class III: mesiocclusion.

Angle Class I

The anterior cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes between the major cusps of the lower first molar ( The Sechsjahrmolar is the first molar, which breaks from the second dentition with about 6 years behind the molars ). They are referred to as teeths neutroclusion ( in the sagittal plane ).

Angle Class II / 1

The anterior cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in front of the anterior cusp of the lower first molars. At the same time the upper front teeth are clearly tilted forward ( protruded ). Often the maxillary dental arch is narrowed and the palatal vault higher than usual. This ( Kiefer! - ) deformity is often a result of too long thumb sucking in infancy. Generally speaking, soft tissue formed hard tissue. Apply a relatively small force over a long time can lead the (hard) bone shape, particularly by controlling the growth in a particular direction. The latter is the core of any orthopedic treatment.

Angle Class II / 2

The anterior cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in front of the anterior cusp of the lower first molars. At the same time the upper front teeth are heavily tilted to the palatal ( palate- down) ( retroinkliniert ).

Angle Class III

. The anterior cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes behind the second cusp of the lower first molars. It can stand in front of the upper front teeth, the lower front teeth - prognathism.

Cause of dental and jaw deformities

  • Hereditary causes ( heredity)
  • Hormonal causes ( prognathism, acromegaly)
  • In connection with cleft lip and cleft palate ( inherited)
  • Acquired malocclusions by: Dysfunction ( dysfunction ) of the muscles of swallowing, tongue motor skills
  • So-called Habits ( habits ) such as finger sucking, pacifier
  • Tooth extraction without subsequent prosthetic restoration

Consequences of dental and jaw deformities

  • Misalignment of teeth in the jaw
  • Malformations of the teeth ( uneven tooth growth)
  • Malposition of the mandible
  • Malformation of the jaws ( malocclusion ), such as inhibition of growth of the upper jaw ( maxillary retrusion ) with a cleft lip and cleft palate. There are three stages of development of the jaw, which are particularly sensitive to influences and in an aberration can occur. These are the prenatal period in the first trimester of pregnancy, the early postnatal period until 4 years of age, and finally, the last phase in puberty at the age of 14.
  • Malformation of the jaw or facial muscles
  • Improper loading of teeth, bones and muscles
  • For large tongue ( macroglossia )

Importance of dental malposition

Therapy

Orthodontic treatment can be carried out with removable or fixed appliances. Regardless, to differentiate between the influence of the facial skeleton and the moving of teeth.

Species

A distinction Horizontal and vertical malocclusions and transversal malocclusions to be as far as possible eliminated by the kieferothopädische treatment.

  • Malocclusion Overbite,
  • Underbite,
  • Crossbite,
  • Open bite,
  • Mesiocclusion,
  • Distoclusion
  • Overbite
  • Overshot
  • Bridging of rodents
Occlusion (dentistry) Hormone Vestigiality Temporomandibular joint
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