Maltose

  • Malt sugar
  • FINETOSE, FINETOSE F
  • Maltobiose
  • Maltodiose
  • Sunmalt, Sunmalt S
  • 4-O- ( α -D-glucopyranosyl )-D- glucopyranose
  • 69-79-4 ( α - D form, anhydrous)
  • 6363-53-7 ( β - D-shape, monohydrate)

White, odorless, sweet-tasting, needle-shaped crystals

Fixed

  • Well in water ( 1080 g · l-1 at 20 ° C)
  • Insoluble in organic solvents
  • > 44 g · kg -1 ( LD50, mouse, oral)
  • 34.8 g · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available

Maltose is the Latin technical term for malt sugar, a degradation product of starch. It is a white crystalline disaccharide ( disaccharide ) with the molecular formula C12H22O11. It dissolves well in water and has a sweet taste. Based on sucrose has a 10% D- maltose a sweetening power of 41%. When crystallizing from aqueous solutions, the monohydrate form. Maltose occurs inter alia in barley seeds and potato seeds.

Maltose should not be confused with the maltulose.

Occurrence

Maltose is an ingredient of malt.

Maltose is produced in the malting process, that is, the seeds of cereals, such as barley. One finds maltose in beer, cereal, pasta, potatoes, and many other sweet-tasting products in which it is formed during the degradation of starch and glycogen with α -amylase.

Chemical Properties

The chemical name for maltose is α -D-glucopyranosyl - ( 1 → 4) - α -D-glucopyranose, i.e. two α -D-glucose molecules are linked by a glycosidic acetal and an alcoholic OH group, together with elimination of water linked (1 → 4- α -glycosidic bond).

In the isomaltose linking the two glucose molecules, however, exists between the C1 and the C6 atom. Both maltose and isomaltose are reducing due to the free OH group at C1 atom effect and give a positive Fehling's test and Tollensprobe ( silver mirror test ).

Maltose forms, among other things brewing beer by the action of amylases on starch in yields of ~ 80 %.

Use

As an alternative to sucrose is maltose in various culture media in cell and tissue culture applications.

Safety

Maltose acts only in extremely high doses ( LD50> 44 g · kg -1 in the mouse, 34.8 g · kg -1 in rats ) toxicity. At lower doses diarrhea occurred.

CAS registry number PubChem Plant tissue culture Trehalose
419359
de