Manual therapy

Manual therapy is used in medicine for the treatment of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system (joints, muscles and nerves ); she is the physiotherapist / masseur carried out with a special training section of manual medicine ( from annex to the contract pursuant to § 125 SGB V on the supply of physical therapy services ). It includes the examination and treatment techniques. In alternative medical treatments in addition, the treatment of a variety of complaints from other areas of the body and of generalized fishing manure disorders. From the medical manual medicine, it differs in the fact that they may no jerky techniques known techniques with pulse ( manipulation) of the spine apply in Germany. So at least the popular belief, as a clear and binding legal regulation does not exist. Physicians, representing a strict orthodox medical opinion, manual therapy are skeptical to hostile.

History

In classical antiquity back pain were treated with specific grip and massage techniques. Hippocrates described in addition to the traumatic dislocations also light vortex displacements and stated how they could straighten. In the Middle Ages countless lay practitioner ( " bone-setters ", " limbs Coaster" ) were on their way to treat neglected by the competing physicians pain. Of prepared skeletons had developed the concept of dislocations and deadlocks especially the facet joints, which could not be confirmed by modern medicine.

In the U.S., the so-called bonesetting was very common since the 18th century. Since the 19th century it was introduced in various forms and under various names also in Europe again, first by naturopaths, since the Second World War, doctors also increasingly from orthopedic or physicians working. The orthodox medical pathophysiological theory depends instead on the bone " contortions " mainly on muscular tensions and imbalances that are caused by improper loading. The biomechanics must consider the muscles, which in-depth anatomical knowledge presupposes the different shape of the joints and the complex starting points and orientations.

In the 20th century alternative medical manual therapists developed the claim, except the simple stress-related musculoskeletal pain to influence other diseases and disorders fishing manure. Neural, reflex or "energetic" compounds of the bones and joints with the rest of the body postulated, but their existence has not been proven - These are - similar to acupuncture. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, especially mental disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and developmental disorders are a frequent target manual therapeutic interventions. The KISS - syndrome ( head joint symmetry induced disorders of children) is an example of a common alternative medical diagnosis that is treated by manual therapy, but in scientific medicine has no equivalent.

Designations

Main directions

Chiropractic Therapy / Medicine is in Germany since 1976 a protected Additional name for doctors that offer manual treatments. The recognized in evidence-based medicine techniques are based on passive mobilization and active exercises of the joints and spine and waive disease esoteric ideas about meridians or " energy flows ". For guiding the additional designation for physicians recognized by the competent State Medical Association training shall be demonstrated. Under "Manual Therapy" in the narrower sense is the application of techniques developed by the chiropractor continues through specially formed physiotherapist / physical therapist. German health insurance companies pay for this therapy, in contrast to the treatments offered by non- physicians, provided it is carried out by appropriately trained manual therapists on medical prescription.

Manual therapy is a protected physiotherapy treatment that can be prescribed by a remedy Regulation by the attending physician after prior diagnosis. The amount of prescribed therapies depends on the diagnosis and the uniform federal remedies catalog of 2004, which sets the amount of treatment. The training for manual therapists comprise at least 260 hours of training that goes into the most approved training bodies beyond those minimum number of hours. In general, this includes about 400 hours with an additional audit. This additional qualification entitles the physiotherapist / masseur to settle the remedy position " Manual therapy ". Since the mid- 2000s there is in Germany for the fully trained physiotherapists the opportunity to qualify to purchase " OMT ". This builds on the normal manual therapy training additional qualification is the umbrella organization DFAMT ( German Federal Association for manual therapy, www.dfamt.com ) offered in Germany. The DFAMT belonging to four OMT schools that train and certify therapists in Germany. International this training is standardized by the IFOMPT (International Federation of Manipulative Physiotherapists ). The national schools include the DVMT, the AGMT that DFOMT ud DGOMT. ( www.dvmt.org, www.ag - manual - therapie.de, www.dfomt.org www.dgomt.de, ) This evidence- based education comprising at least 660stündige training, which usually includes more than 1,000 hours and is additionally from the winter semester 2013 offered at FH Osnabrück as Master program as well from winter semester 2014 at the Hochschule Fresenius Idstein. The final takes place as a MSc. = Master of Science.

• Chiropractic care (or practices, chiropractic English ) (from Greek made ​​by hand) comes from the U.S. alternative medicine Daniel David Palmer, ca 1897: " dislocated " vortices are directed by pressure and train, plus relaxation and stretching exercises of the arms and legs. Chiropractic is the opinion of its representatives constituting a development by the other joints may be treated except the spine. At the present time the bitter rivalries of osteopaths and chiropractors in the 19th and early 20th centuries are barely comprehend.

• Cranio -sacral therapy is a, also from the U.S. development of the Osteopath William Sutherland (1936). She has clearly esoteric components; especially to an assumed " energy flow " of the cerebrospinal fluid be restored by restrictions of movement of the spine are treated. The present meaning of the CST is less than that of osteopathy and chiropractic.

• Naprapathy ( a diagnostic and treatment system of neuro - Skeletomuskulär medicine ) is in Sweden for some years a protected professional title for so-called Doctors of Naprapathy or Doctors of Medicine Naprapathic, D. N. or DN ( leg Naprapat ) the orthopedic manual offer medicine. To be able to practice, need Naprapaths in Sweden a state license ( legitimacy ). They are under the supervision of the National Board of Health and have an autonomous diagnostic responsibility for neuro- skeletomuskuläre dysfunctions. The training to become legitimized Naprapaths, D. N. lasts five years. Many Naprapaths are active in sports medicine and in the national teams. Naprapathy is the greatest form of orthopedic medicine in Sweden. Many leg Naprapaths have additional training, such as nutrition or acupuncture. There are courses in the USA, Finland and Sweden.

• Ortho- Bionomy is a technology developed by the British Canadians Arthur Lincoln Pauls method that has elements of osteopathy, physiotherapy and TCM.

• Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapy ( OMT) on physiotherapy basic training and certificate in manual therapy offered constructive training. After completion of at least 666 additional hours of training, a passed exam with a treatment directly on the patient and an additional completion work, the additional qualification " OMT " is awarded. This training is being conducted in German-speaking Europe by the standard of " IFOMPT " (International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists ). The corresponding German umbrella organization is the DFAMT that combines the four associations that offer this training. Overall, OMT therapist has at least 1000 hours of continuing education in manual therapy. An OMT therapist is a specialist in musculoskeletal findings surveys and treatments. For this treatment approach include manual techniques and therapeutic exercises that are combined.

• Osteopathy Osteopathy is an old English name; established by the American doctor Andrew Still around 1870. Still referring to their own experiences and traditional volksheilkundliche traditions of American country population. Special loosening and techniques to handle " movement restrictions" of the bones and muscles lifting, which are responsible for pain, digestive problems, menstrual cramps and other symptoms. Even today, almost all manual therapists to still appointed as its first modern predecessors.

Regional variations

• Vitalogy, also called Atlaslogie, current numbers of German and Swiss therapists for treatments at the first cervical vertebrae ( atlas).