Marrubium

Common Horehound ( Marrubium vulgare)

Horehound ( Marrubium ) is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family ( Lamiaceae) with 47 species. It has a mainly Eurasian and North African distribution.

Description

Horehound species are perennial herbaceous plants.

Bracteoles ( Brakteolen ) are usually formed; they are on the ground bent down and writhe from there upwards. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The calyx is narrow inverted cone-shaped, usually traversed by ten nerves and running in five to ten calyx teeth. The calyx tube is open on the inside of her mouth tight with trichomes. The crown is two-lipped, the upper lip is straight and columns, the lower lip is three-lobed. The corolla tube is enclosed in the calyx and may have on the inside of an irregular ring of trichomes. The do not have the crown protruding stamens are parallel, but the outer pair is slightly longer.

The Klaus fruit decays into truncated at the top Klausen.

Systematics and distribution

The natural range of the species extends from the Atlantic islands over Central and Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia to western China and the Himalayas. Marrubium vulgare, the most common type, is in North America, southern South America, naturalized in Hawaii, New Zealand and New Caledonia.

Of the total 47 species occur following eleven to twelve in Europe:

  • Marrubium alysson L.: The distribution area includes North Africa, the Mediterranean and the Near East.
  • Marrubium anisodon C.Koch ( Syn: Marrubium alternidens Rech.f. ) comes from Albania to the western Himalayas.
  • Marrubium cylleneum Boiss. & Heldr. ( Syn: Marrubium velutinum Sm subsp cylleneum ( Boiss. & Heldr ) Nyman. . ): The home is Greece and possibly Albania.
  • Marrubium friwaldskyanum Boiss. The home is Bulgaria.
  • Marrubium incanum Desr. The range extends from Sardinia to southeast Europe.
  • Marrubium leonuroides Desr. , The home is the Crimea and the Caucasus region.
  • Hungarian Horehound ( Marrubium peregrinum L.): The range extends from central Europe to the Caucasus.
  • . Marrubium pestalozzae Boiss, maybe not a separate species, but can be expected to parviflorum M.; it occurs only in South-East and Eastern Europe.
  • Marrubium supinum L.: The home is Spain and northwest Africa.
  • Marrubium thessalum Boiss. & Heldr. The home is Albania and eastern Greece.
  • Marrubium velutinum Sm: The home is the northern and central Greece.
  • Common Horehound ( Marrubium vulgare L.): The circulation area covers Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and Asia. In addition, the type occurs worldwide abducted.

The following species occur only in North West Africa before:

  • Marrubium alyssoides Pomel, occurs only in Algeria and Morocco.
  • Marrubium aschersonii Magnus, is only found in Tunisia.
  • Marrubium atlanticum Batt. , Occurs only in Morocco.
  • Marrubium ayardii Maire, occurs only in Morocco.
  • Marrubium echinatum ball occurs only in Morocco.
  • Marrubium fontianum Maire, occurs in Morocco only in the western Rif Mountains.
  • Marrubium heterocladum Emb & Maire, occurs only in Morocco in the Rif mountains.
  • Marrubium litardierei Marmey, occurs only in Morocco.
  • Marrubium multibracteatum Humbert & Maire, comes in two subspecies, and only in Morocco before: Marrubium multibracteatum subsp. ayachicum ( Humbert ) Dobignard
  • Marrubium multibracteatum subsp. multibracteatum

The following species occur only in the Middle East before:

  • Marrubium astracanicum Jacq., Comes in Anatolia, in Iraq and Iran.
  • Marrubium bourgaei Boiss., Is found only in southwest Anatolia.
  • Marrubium catariifolium Desr. , Occurs in the eastern Anatolia, Transcaucasia and the Caucasus.
  • Marrubium cephalanthum Boiss. & Noë, is found only in Central Anatolia.
  • Marrubium cordatum Nabelek, is found in south-east Anatolia, Iraq and western Iran.
  • Marrubium crassidens Boiss., Occurs in northern Iraq and Iran.
  • Marrubium cuneatum Banks & Sol. , Occurs in eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq, Iran, Palestine and Syria.
  • Marrubium depauperatum Boiss. & Balansa, comes only in the province of Kayseri in Central Anatolia before.
  • Marrubium duabense Murata, is found in northeastern Iran and Afghanistan.
  • Marrubium eriocephalum Seybold, occurs only in northern Iraq.
  • Marrubium glechomifolium Freyn & Conrath, occurs only in Transcaucasia.
  • Marrubium globosum Montbret & divers ex Benth., Is found only in Central and Southern Anatolia.
  • Marrubium heterodon ( Benth. ) Boiss. & Balansa comes just before scattered in South and rarely in northern Anatolia.
  • Marrubium hierapolitanum Mouterde, occurs only in Syria.
  • Marrubium lutescens Boiss. & Heldr. , Comes only from western to central and southern Anatolia before.
  • Marrubium parviflorum fish. & C.A.Mey. (possibly including Marrubium pestalozzae Boiss. ), occurs in the inner Anatolia, Transcaucasia and Iran finds of the Balkan Peninsula are uncertain.
  • Marrubium persicum CAMey. , Comes in northeastern Anatolia, before in Transcaucasia and northwestern Iran.
  • Marrubium plumosum CAMey. , Occurs only in the Caucasus.
  • Marrubium procerum Bunge, occurs only in Iran.
  • Marrubium propinquum fish. & CAMey. , Occurs only in Transcaucasia and Iran.
  • Marrubium rotundifolium Boiss., Occurs only in Western Anatolia.
  • Marrubium sivasense Aytaç, Akgül & Ekici, comes only in the province of Sivas ago in Central Anatolia.
  • Marrubium trachyticum Boiss., Is found only in Central Anatolia.
  • Marrubium vanense Hub. -Mor. , Occurs only in the province of Van in Eastern Anatolia.
  • Marrubium vulcanicum Hub. -Mor. , Occurs only in the province of Ağrı in eastern Anatolia.
  • Marrubium woronowii Popov, occurs only in Transcaucasia.

The following hybrids have been recognized:

  • Marrubium × bastetanum Coincy ( = M. supinum × M. vulgare)
  • Marrubium × humbertii Emb & Maire ( = M. ayardii × M. multibracteatum )
  • Marrubium × paniculatum Desr. ( = M. peregrinum × M. vulgare)
Asterids Perennial plant
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