Martin J. S. Rudwick
Martin Rudwick (often Martin JS Rudwick, born 1932 ) is a British paleontologist and science historian with a research focus on earth and life sciences. He is Professor Emeritus of the University of California, San Diego and has been researching his return to England in 1998 as " affiliated research scholar " at the University of Cambridge, Faculty of History and Philosophy of Science ( Department of History and Philosophy of Science).
The focus of Rudwicks research and publications are the geology and the history of the life sciences, the development of the prehuman Earth Poche, the European science of the 18th and 19th century and the historical links between scientific and religious practices.
Life
Martin Rudwick comes from a scientifically oriented parents. His father was a physicist. Although he detested the physics, but had already become interested in his youth for the Geology and enthusiastically collected fossils. He also was interested in history. The British education system of the 1940s forced him to choose a direction - he chose the science. This decision was made to him, as he later said, extremely difficult. With an unusual at this time scholarship for geology, he went to Cambridge.
Paleontology and the History of Science
In 1958 he received his doctorate from the University of Cambridge in Palaeozoology to the Ph.D. and then taught for several years at Cambridge Paleontology Department of Geology. During this time he published numerous works on the development of invertebrate animals that were released then collected into his first book, Living and Fossil Brachiopods. He then completed his research increasingly on historical and philosophical questions.
" I found myself Confronting fundamental problems in paleontology, Which led me in a historical direction under the influence of reading Form and Function by ES Russell ( 1916). That led me to Cuvier. I felt he had something I did - as a 20th -century paleontologist - Could learn from about reconstructing the mode of life of extinct invertebrates, of brachiopods. I was imagining how synthesis extinct animals had lived - and the relation in between Their way of life preserved and Their structure -. In order to reconstruct a complete evolutionary history of the ways of life of thesis now rather obscure shellfish "
"I saw myself confronted with fundamental problems of paleontology, which led me under the influence of the reading of Form and Function by Edward Stewart Russell ( 1916) in a historical direction. That led me to Cuvier. I had the feeling that I - could learn something from him about about the reconstruction of the life of extinct invertebrates, the brachiopods - a paleontologist of the 20th century. I imagined how these extinct animals had lived - and the relationship between their lifestyle and their resultant structure -. Reconstruct a complete evolutionary history of the life of this rather unexplored shellfish "
Rudwick found for his scientific historical approach in paleontology immediately very popular with the Cambridge student body, but initially came to the resistance of various colleagues and historians him too much speculation and " Whiggishness " ( Whig history) accused.
Earth and Life Sciences
1967 moved Rudwick to the Cambridge Department of History and Philosophy of Science ( Department of History and Philosophy of Science) and concentrated his work on geological and life science ( life sciences ) topics. 1974 appointed him to the University of Amsterdam professor of history and social aspects of science. Between 1981 and 1985 he was visiting professor at the universities of Princeton and Jerusalem and a visiting scholar in Paris.
In 1986 Rudwick a reputation of Princeton University as Professor of the History of Science and went to the United States. In 1988 he moved to the University of California, San Diego, where he also taught history of science. He also founded here with colleagues from the Philosophy and Sociology, the Graduate College ( graduate program ) in the sociology of science ( science studies ). 1994/95, he held a research fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. In this scholarship, he gathered material for a greater synthesis of his many years of research on the evolution of geology as a new science in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The center of his investigations, he drew a comparison between the concepts and methods for the reconstruction of prehuman history with which the history of mankind. The results led summarized in the Tarner Lectures ( Tarner Lectures ), which he held in 1996 as a visiting professor at Trinity College Cambridge. After his retirement from the University of California 1998 Martin Rudwick returned to England and published his research results in detail in the works Bursting the Limits of Time: The Reconstruction of Geohistory in the Age of Revolution (2005) and Worlds before Adam: the reconstruction of geohistory in the age of reform (2008).
Since 1998, Martin Rudwick lives near Cambridge and is " affiliated research scholar " at the University of Cambridge, Faculty of History and Philosophy of Science ( Department of History and Philosophy of Science).
Honors and Awards
For his achievements in the history of Earth Sciences awarded him the Geological Society of London in 1988 with the first time this year awarded Sue Tyler Friedman Medal ( Sue Tyler Friedman Medal ). In 2007 he received the George Sarton Medal, the highest prestigious award for the History of Science, founded by George Sarton and Lawrence Joseph Henderson History of Science Society ( HSS). Since 2008 Rudwick Fellow of the British Academy.
Publications (selection)
- ( with: Harland, WB ): The great infra - Cambrian ice age. Scientific American. August 1964, pp. 42-49
- Living and Fossil Brachiopods. Hutchinson, 1970 ISBN 0-09-103080-3.
- The Meaning of Fossils: Essays in the History of Paleontology. American Elsevier, 1972 ISBN 0-444-19576-9; 2nd ed Science History Publications, 1976, ISBN 0-882-02163- X; 3rd ed University of Chicago Press, 1985, ISBN 0-226-73103-0.
- The Devonian: A system born from conflict. - In: M. R. House & C.T. Scrutton & M. G. Basset [Ed ], The Devonian System. - Special Papers in Palaeontology, Volume 23; London 1979.
- The Great Devonian Controversy: The Shaping of Scientific Knowledge among Gentlemanly Specialists. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1985 ISBN 0-226-73101-4. Review by Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D., 1985 ( English)
- Encounters with Adam, or at least the hyaenas. Nineteenth -century visual representations of the deep past. In: James Richard Moore: History, Humanity and Evolution: Essays for John C. Greene.. Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 231-252 Google Books: Limited preview
- Scenes from Deep Time: Early Pictorial Images of the Prehistoric World. Chicago, 1992 ISBN 0-226-73104-9.
- Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones, and Geological Catastrophes. Chicago, 1997 ISBN 0-226-73106-5.
- The New Science of Geology: Studies in the Earth Sciences in the Age of Revolution. Ashgate, 2004 ISBN 0-86078-958-6.
- Lyell and Darwin, Geologists: Studies in the Earth Sciences in the Age of Reform. Ashgate, 2005 ISBN 0-86078-959-4.
- Bursting the Limits of Time: The Reconstruction of Geohistory in the Age of Revolution. Chicago, 2005 ISBN 0-226-73111-1.
- Worlds before Adam: the reconstruction of geohistory in the age of reform. Chicago, 2008 ISBN 978-0-226-73128-5.