Mazurka
The Mazurka is a native of Poland stylized dance in moderately slow to very rapid triple time.
Name
The name derives from the Mazurka Polish countryside Masovia ( Polish: Mazowsze ) from. Other names are Warsaw ( Varsovienne ), Air en Polonaise (Leipzig 1736), polka mazurka, Masollka (Tirol ), flea Beutler (Styria ), Tram Plan ( Carinthia ), Viennese Waltz (Upper Austria ), Cevvee (Lower Austria ), flea shaker and Baaschlenkerer ( Germany ), Mistträppeler, Masollke ( Switzerland ) and many others.
History
The dance name Mazurek is first occupied in 1345. Aided by the personal union of Saxony- Poland ( 1697-1763 ) under Augustus the Strong and Augustus III. Polish dances were promoted in Saxony. These dances penetrated only very sporadically in the rural population.
In 1840 the mazurka was again recording in Germany, this time over Paris when ballroom dancing of the bourgeoisie, and spread rapidly now in town and country. The political context was: Poland fought for national independence. Around the same time spread the Varsovienne ( Warsaw ). Towards the end of the 19th century immersed in the dance the mazurka on stapling Alpine musicians, it is more common from 1900.
Music
In general, the mazurka is in a 3 /4 time. Special recognition feature in terms of music is on the one hand, the division of the first beat (eg dotted eighth note or eighth note triplet ) and the other ( as a result ) the shift in the emphasis on the second beat.
Other features are the typical waltz accompaniment with a deep quarter note (bass) and two subsequent higher quarter notes (chord). In addition, typical is the frequent repetition of individual motifs and themes up to the repetition of whole parts, which are separated by a contrasting middle section. These differences relate accompaniment ( often in the form of a drone ), dynamics (mostly piano) and key ( by repealing sign).
Internationally became the Mazurka by Frédéric Chopin, who composed 51 Mazurkas for piano and this dance so introduced also into art music. More Piano Mazurkas come by Alexander Scriabin, and later by Karol Szymanowski. The members of the Viennese Strauss Dynasty (especially Johann Strauss (father ), and Johann Strauss ( son ) ) composed numerous mazurkas, usually referred to as polka mazur (eg, A heart, a sense op 323 from J. Strauss II). In addition, the founder of modern guitar technique Francisco Tárrega used the mazurka.
The melody is originally often in a minor key. In Alpine folk dance, however, usually find melodies in major keys. Likewise, in Switzerland, where in three-part pieces, the second part is sometimes in a minor key.
Dance figures
The Mazurka is a folk dance that is handed down like most folk dances in a variety of dance forms, including in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France, Sweden, Norway, Netherlands, Lithuania and even the Boers in South Africa.
In Austria three main forms can be distinguished:
- Polka - Mazurka ( Masur )
- Warsaw ( Varsovienne )
- Free Mazurkaform ( Landler type)
The basic Mazurkaschritt is explained in dance terms in folk dance.
Dance instructions
Polka - Mazurka from Germany
In "Handbook of the German folk dance " Aenne Goldschmidt documents the following mazurka form with the note: " This one, single-step Warsaw 'has the form of the so-called, Polka Mazurka ', as practiced earlier in the ballroom dancing of the city. " Aenne Goldschmidt The following dance Description:
Ordinary round dance version
The repeated figure uses against the same. The turn can maintain the direction of rotation.
Rhythm scheme:
Dancers: lrl lrr rll rlr
Dancer: rll rlr lrl lrr
Goldschmidt, Aenne: Handbook of the German folk dance. Text band, Berlin, 1966 ( 4th edition, Heinrichshofen 1981. ), P 208
Mazurka de Samatan ( French mazurka )
Originally a native of Gascony Mazurkaform called Mazurka de Samatan is also used in Germany in the Balfolk scene ( and beyond), and much like dancing as a French mazurka. It consists of four parts:
Ordinary round dance version
The special feature of this Mazurka is that in its course the couple dances a quarter turn to the left and then a 5/4-Drehung to the right.
Similar forms, there are also some from the Black Forest.