Mercurialis (plant)
Yearling Dog's Mercury ( Mercurialis annua), male plant
The Bingel herb ( Mercurialis ) are a genus within the family of Euphorbiaceae ( Euphorbiaceae ). The eight to ten species in Eurasia, distributed with an emphasis in the Mediterranean.
Origin of the name and other common names
The German trivial name " Dog's Mercury " probably comes from Bunge = tuber or Bingel = testes, and refers to the spiky - haired fruits, which are often in pairs.
It is also found among the people of debris name Bingel, wintergreen, dog kale and Büngelkraut.
Description
In Dog's Mercury species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants, rarely also to woody plants that do not contain a white milky sap. The opposite, often toothed leaves are broadly ovate to lanceolate depending on the type ovoid.
Most species are dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ), they are rarely monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). The male flowers are entangled in axillary spikes, the female flowers are in spikes or axillary balls. As the top leaves are often a bit crowded, the ears protrude beyond it, however, usually far, so that the impression of terminal spikes produced. The flowers are inconspicuous green or yellowish green, and have only a three - or fourfold Blütenhüllblattkreis. The male flowers usually have 8 to 15 (rarely to 20) stamens. The female flowers contain, in addition to the two-to three-part ovary only staminodes.
Are formed capsule fruits. The seeds have an aril.
Systematics and distribution
Most species occur in the western Mediterranean area, two or three species in temperate Europe ( Mercurialis annua, Mercurialis perennis and Mercurialis ovata ) in front, and a type ( Mercurialis Siebold & Zucc leiocarpa. ) Is spread to East Asia.
The genus Mercurialis was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, S. 1035. Synonyms for Mercurialis are Cynocrambe L. Hill, Discoplis Raf. Synema Dulac. The scientific genus name Mercurialis is derived from the Roman god Mercury, who is said to have supposedly discovered the healing powers of the plant.
The genus belongs to the subtribe Mercurialis Mercurialinae from the tribe Acalypheae in the subfamily Acalyphoideae within the Euphorbiaceae family.
The genus Mercurialis contains depending on the author of eight to ten species:
- Yearling Dog's Mercury ( Mercurialis annua L., syn. Synema annuum (L.) Dulac, Discoplis serrata Raf, Mercurialis ambigua L. f, Mercurialis ciliata C. Presl, Mercurialis ladanum Hartm, Mercurialis monoica ( Moris ) BMDurand. Mercurialis pinnatifida Sennen, Sennen Tarraconensis Mercurialis, Mercurialis annua subsp. ambigua ( L. f ) Arcang. , Mercurialis annua var ambigua ( L. f ) Duby, Mercurialis annua var angustifolia Gaudin, Mercurialis annua var camberiensis Chabert, Mercurialis annua var capillacea Guepin, Mercurialis annua var dioica Moris, Mercurialis annua var laciniata waste. Arg, Mercurialis annua var monoica Moris, Mercurialis annua var transsylvanica Schur, Mercurialis annua var variegata Löhr ) It comes in Macaronesia, South - and Central Europe and the Mediterranean to the Arabian peninsula.
- Mercurialis canariensis Obbard & Saharris: It occurs only in the Canary Islands.
- Mercurialis corsica Coss. & Kralik: It occurs in Corsica and Sardinia.
- Mercurialis elliptica Lam. It occurs only on the southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco.
- Mercurialis huetii Hanry ( Syn: Mercurialis annua var huetii ( Hanry ) Müll.Arg, Mercurialis annua subsp huetii ( Hanry ) Long, Mercurialis ovata subsp huetii ( Hanry ) Nyman, Mercurialis annua f huetii ( Hanry ) Pax &. .. K.Hoffm ). It comes only from southeastern France prior to northeastern Spain and Morocco.
- Mercurialis leiocarpa sieve. & Zucc. ( Syn: Mercurialis transmorrisonensis Hayata, Mercurialis leiocarpa var transmorrisonensis ( Hayata ) H.Keng, Mercurialis leiocarpa var trichocarpa WTWang ): It is common in China, Bhutan, northeastern India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, northern Thailand.
- Eiblättriges Dog's Mercury ( Mercurialis ovata Sternb & Hoppe, Syn. Mercurialis perennis var ovata ( Sternb. & Hoppe) Müll.Arg, Mercurialis perennis subsp ovata ( Sternb. & Hoppe) Celak, Mercurialis ovata f genuina Pax &. .. K.Hoffm, Mercurialis livida port ex Baumg, Mercurialis ovata var livida ( Port. ex Baumg. ) Nyman, Mercurialis ovata f croatica sword ): .. . coming into Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Turkey, western Syria and the Caucasus.
- Forest Dog's Mercury ( Mercurialis perennis L., Syn: Mercurialis perennis f genuina Müll.Arg nom inval, Synema perenne (L.) Dulac, Mercurialis cynocrambe Scop, Mercurialis nemoralis Salisb, Mercurialis sylvatica Hoppe, Mercurialis longifolia. .. .. host nom. illeg. , Mercurialis perennis var brachyphylla Willk. , Mercurialis alpina Schur, Mercurialis perennis var Subalpina Schur, Mercurialis perennis subvar. alpina ( Schur ) Nyman, Mercurialis perennis subvar. sylvatica ( Hoppe) Nyman, Mercurialis perennis f saxicola Beck, Mercurialis perennis f glabra Beck, Mercurialis Bubani sylvestris, Mercurialis perennis f robusta Gross, Mercurialis perennis sylvatica f ( Hoppe) Rouy & Foucaud, Mercurialis perennis f ovatifolia Hausskn. ) It comes in Central Europe and the Mediterranean to the northern Iran before.
- Mercurialis reverchonii Rouy ( Syn: Mercurialis annua var serratifolia ball, Mercurialis serratifolia (Ball) Pau, Mercurialis reverchonii var riatarum Maire, Mercurialis reverchonii var serratifolia (Ball) Maire ): It occurs only in southwestern Spain and Morocco.
- Mercurialis tomentosa L. (syn.: Mercurialis sericea Salisb. ): It is located in the southwestern Europe.
Curative effect
Bingel herbs find today hardly use as a medicinal plant. Your laxative effect is occupied.
Toxicity
Only the forest Dog's Mercury is attributed to a slight toxicity. The highest content of active substance is achieved in the fruit ripening. Poisoning in humans are hardly possible. Due to the fact that animals absorb greater quantities of food, horses, pigs or ruminants tend to be more sensitive.