Middle Irish
Spoken in
- Indo-European celtic Inselkeltisch Goidelic middle Irish
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Mga
Mga
Origin and Meaning
However, the actual characteristic of the Middle Irish is the extensive dissolution of the standardization of Old Irish. Since it starts with this development and extends to the beginning of the so-called "classical" period of the Irish from 1200, it is considered by many researchers as a kind of intermediate stage without really own being.
Despite the sometimes difficult external circumstances, a variety of works created in the Middle Irish period, translated, copied and edited frequently with concrete objectives. Much of this work is probably due to old Irish originals or models. Most of the early Irish sagas and stories we know from manuscripts which were written in the medium or frühneuirischer time. Often in these texts are passages from Old and Middle Irish time as well as prose and poetry mixed. In addition annals, genealogies, legal texts, treatises were written on a variety of topics such as history, nature and medicine, translated (among Virgil's Aeneid ), or processed.
Features
On the whole, the Irish agent is characterized by a simplification of some very complicated Old Irish grammar. The most striking factor is probably in the resolution of the double in the Old Irish verbal system. In most cases now the conjuncts or proto tonic (ie, previously dependent ) are verb forms as basic shapes. A few exceptions have been preserved as irregular verbs in modern Irish.
Other features include the elimination of the neutral gender of nouns and adjectives, the hesitant increasing use of analytical developments and progressive forms. The often irregular orthography also points out that all unstressed short vowels to the central vowel / ə / neutralized ( this development began in Spätaltirischen, from about 750 ). The fall still distinguished in the Old Irish sounds / ð / and / ɣ / to / ɣ / together. The voiceless dental fricative / θ / became / h / fades away. Otherwise, an often difficult -to-follow, irregular use of older and more modern forms of words, and generally strong irregularities in spelling and grammar are recorded.