Migrant worker

Migrant workers are workers who need to see their jobs far away from their home. Today, for a definition of the International Organization for Migration ( IOM) summarized under the term very different legal categories, which include not only migrant workers, contract labor contractor, seasonal workers illegally employed workers who stay for the duration of employment at the workplace. They also include domestic workers who live permanently abroad and engage in their country of nationality employment. Crucial to the lounge connected to employment is in a country other than that in which one lives permanently.

According to the definition of the European Association for Migrant Workers Association ( EVW ) neither by the traditional artisan guilds ' foreign traveling righteous companions " yet migrants are meant mostly together with family to permanently leave their homeland, but those workers who keep their family connections in the home country and more or less often return of foreign jobs back home.

History

In Germany, since the period of restoration for generations under a stable bourgeois social milieu driven by social need - from economically depressed areas went about looking for work. So-called " Leutenot " in agriculture as well as " labor distress " in industry, road and canal construction in agriculture (the latter especially in northern Germany ) were from the 1890s, the seasonal migration rise sharply. So we sat down for example on the island of Fehmarn with a population of approximately 10,000 people at harvest time up to 3,500 migrant workers (after Thomsen 1982). Before the First World War, there were 1.2 million foreign migrant workers in the German Reich. Conversely found German migrant workers, for example, as so-called Hollandgänger in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Switzerland seasonal work. Another example were the Saxons goers. Such so-called " frontier workers " were by Peter Meusburger 'intergovernmental commuters who are resident and subject to income in the country, but abroad are salaried employment and daily or at least once a week to visit their domestic residence "is defined.

In the United States, mostly homeless and itinerant migrant workers Hobos were called, who sought in times of economic crisis during the late 19th century after the Civil War and in the early 20th century during the Great Depression for work as harvesters, construction or forestry workers.

Mainly influenced by the British colonial policy in favor of the industry and the agricultural sector in southern Africa took the dimensions of migrant workers in 1900 to a considerable extent. The Prime Minister Cecil John Rhodes, a magnate of the mining industry in the then Cape Colony, created in 1894 with the Glen Grey Act a legislative instrument exercised with by tax regulations and a land allocation without sufficient economic viability of the black population unausweichbarer pressure to take a job been. In this way the prosperous mining centers and large farms of the British and the Boers in South Africa received a rich selection of any available migrant workers who formed a solid economic size of the "white" until the industrial era into apartheid.

Presence

According to the International Organization for Migration, the worldwide number of migrant workers is estimated at around 200 million. They expected until 2050 an annual increase of 2.3 million. This growth rate was 40 percent higher than that between the years 1960 to 2005 as a year around 1.6 million people crossed the borders in search of work. In Europe, 70.6 million immigrants living in other regions, followed by North America with 45.1 million and the Arabian Peninsula with 18.8 million.

Today are called migrant workers, among others, also living in the People's Republic of China and other emerging economies day laborers. They are mostly farmers, often from distant provinces who stay due to rural exodus without her family and without any secure status in the cities, because they have no residence permit. They hire in the construction and civil engineering work and because of their status without employment and health care, live in squalid accommodation, often directly in the niches of the emerging new buildings and inadequate, irregular, or not paid at all. Their number was estimated at about 250 million in China in 2007. Due to the financial crisis of 2007, some 20 million migrant workers had lost their jobs, which affects about 15 percent of the approximately 130 million migrant workers from rural areas according to official information.

Literary adaptations

• Of Mice and Men, a story by John Steinbeck
• The Grapes of Wrath, a socially critical novel by John Steinbeck