Mirlande Manigat
Mirlande Manigat ( born November 3, 1940 in Miragoâne; actually Mirlande Hippolyte ) is a Haitian politician. The professor of constitutional law founded with her husband, former Haitian President Leslie Manigat, the party Rassemblement of Démocrates Nationaux Progressistes d' Haiti ( RDNP ), whose general secretary she is. In the 2010/11 elections it ran as a presidential candidate.
Biography
Education and marriage with Leslie Manigat
Mirlande Manigat was born in 1940 as Mirlande Hippolyte. The daughter of a military man and a housewife grew up with four siblings. After high school, she played with the idea to enroll in medical school, but then moved on to the École Normale Supérieure in Haiti. This is followed by a stay in Paris followed, where Hippolyte law, history and international relations at the Sorbonne and at the Institut d' études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po ) studied. In 1968, she holds a doctorate in political science.
1970 married Hippolyte in French Meudon ten years his senior, Leslie Manigat, whose name she took. The former employees in the Haitian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and university teachers had gone 1963 after differences with the regime of François Duvalier ( " Papa Doc" ) into exile in France. There, Leslie Manigat had been a professor at the Institute of Political Studies and Hippolyte learned as a student. The couple left France in 1974 and moved to Trinidad, where Mirlande Manigats husband was head of the Institute of International Relations at the University of the West Indies. Her husband would want to be closer to live in his home, so Manigat his departure from Europe. 1978 attracted the Manigats to Caracas, Venezuela, where both jobs for political science at the Universidad Simón Bolívar followed.
First Lady of Haiti and Senator
In the late 1970s, the couple had begun with the construction of the Rassemblement of Démocrates Nationaux Progressistes d' Haiti ( RDNP ), the party of " Progressive National Democrats ". After these had been oriented to the Socialist International in the short term, a collaboration with the Christian Democrats was preferred at the international level. After the fall of President Jean -Claude Duvalier ( "Baby Doc" ), the couple returned in 1986 as many other opposition figures back to Haiti.
In January 1988, Manigats husband won the adopted by the Government General Henri Namphy presidential and parliamentary elections in Haiti. These were the first democratic elections in the Caribbean country, but were boycotted by the four most popular candidates, which is why the official turnout was reported to be 35 percent. Independent observers said, however, only 10-15 percent. Mirlande Manigat himself won a seat in the Haitian Senate. As First Lady of the country Manigat officiated by June 1988. Her husband was discontinued after five months in office of Namphy, after changes in the army top want to impose.
2006 Manigat again refused to move into the Senate, after they had called Leslie Manigats defeat against René Préval as unfair. Monitored by the UN mission MINUSTAH, the elections were largely peaceful under expired, but the chaotic conditions. Therefore, the Electoral Council had changed the calculation mode to avoid a second round, and possible violent unrest.
Presidential candidate 2010/11
In 2010 ran the RDNP - Secretary-General for the presidency. After an earthquake, the elections were postponed to November 28, 2010. The 70 -year-old Manigat came here against Jew Célestin ( Destinite ), the candidate and son of the reigning René Préval, to, was not allowed to participate in a re-election. With their movement of the left center, the respected professor of Constitutional Law is for the educated and cosmopolitan Haiti, which is why she was endorsed by the bourgeoisie and intellectuals, but also by the international community especially. They would have shared many positions of the unauthorized options popular musician Wyclef Jean and her great maternal Image (nicknamed " Mommy" ) conveys confidence and trust, as the well-known Haitian historian and political analyst Georges Michel. Foreign media described as a conservative politician Manigat, some voices certified its policies but in regard to the United States to be more liberal and democratic. During the election campaign Manigats husband Leslie hardly occurred in appearance.
As a political model called Manigat Konrad Adenauer, the Chilean Michelle Bachelet and Brazil's Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. Le Nouvel list, Haiti's largest daily newspaper, spoke of her as a "Woman of the consensus " that " an ideal profile for a renaissance of the country" have. Your advertising campaign led Manigat in Creole ( motto: " Ban m Manman m ", dt, "Give me my mother "). With its government program under the title changer la vie (English: " change of life " ), she turned mainly to the Haitian youth and the " brave Haitian women." Manigat argued for education as well as the reconstruction and development of the country after the natural disaster and against social injustice and corruption. Your experience they 've even made immune to " vanity, ambition, especially wealth and fame ," said Manigat. She advocated governmental monthly subsidies for families with three or more children. They also planned coverage for police officers and wage increases for teachers introduce. In the debate about the 15 articles of the constitution, they argued for dual citizenship living abroad compatriots. This transfer annually more than two billion U.S. dollars to Haiti. At the same time she criticized the UN mission MINUSTAH as unconstitutional and was planning to make this choice to rebuild the defunct Armed Forces in 1994. An immediate departure of MINUSTAH troops but not considered, since this would have a security deficit may pose. Regarding the possibility of judicial reform and issues such as impunity, the prison system and the independence of the judiciary, she - like other candidates - not detailed position.
In announcing the election results early December 2010 Manigat was the most votes ( 31.37 percent) to be followed by the government candidate Célestin ( 22.48 percent) and the popular but politically inexperienced singer Michel "Sweet Micky " Martelly (21, 84 percent). However, none of the candidates got the necessary 50 percent mark for the direct election while participating only 23 percent of registered voters. A runoff between Manigat and Célestin was scheduled for January 16, 2011, but did not take place after the Organization of American States had expressed (OAS ) doubt as to the result. There would have been evidence of electoral fraud in favor of Celestine, after which the organization recommended that the Haitian Provisional Electoral Council to exclude the candidate. Manigat himself had demanded on the election day with twelve other opposition candidates the cancellation of choice because of fakes and frauds. After high bills they had seen at the top, they refrained, after which her fellow accused her Taktiererei and intrigue.
In the runoff election on March 20, 2011 Manigat went up against Michel Martelly. Célestin was thus left as a presidential candidate. Polls shortly before the runoff Manigat did however certifies only 46.4 percent of the vote and predicted a victory Martellys, who was supported by Wyclef Jean. After the Electoral Council had the announcement of the preliminary results due to a high degree " of fraud and irregularities of various kinds " by four days, on the 4th of August 2011, moved and went from this Michel Martelly with 67.57 percent of votes won as the winner. For Manigat voted 31.7 percent of voters. With a victory they would be the first freely elected president of Haiti and have been used by the provisional Ertha Pascal - Trouillot (1990-1991), the second woman to lead the Caribbean nation.
Private life
From the marriage with Leslie Manigat, a subsidiary showed who now lives in Togo. Mirlande Manigat is fluent in French, Creole, Spanish and English. She wrote several books on constitutional law and is currently Vice - Rector of the Université Quisqueya private in Port-au -Prince. In her spare time, the devout Catholic for historical films, classical music and mystery novels interested.