Missa in tempore belli
The Missa in tempore belli (, Mass in Time of War '), XXII: 9 in C major for four soloists (soprano, alto, tenor, bass), four -part choir ( SATB), orchestra and organ by Joseph Haydn 1796 composed. The fair is also known under the name " Paukenmesse ".
Historical Background
After taking over the reign Prince Nicholas Esterházy II in 1794 was issued his request to Haydn, build up the 1790 resolution court orchestra of Eisenstadt again. Haydn's obligations as a composer should it confine itself to every year for the feast (September 8 ) the princess Maria Josepha Hermengilde deliver a new exhibition. Haydn came this obligation in the years 1796-1802 (excluding 1800) with the composition of his six late masses after.
The autograph of the Missa in tempore belli is, like that of the Holy Mass XXII: 10, dated to the year 1796, so the exact origin sequence is no longer to resolve with certainty. According to a more recent state of research is generally believed that the first Christmas mass was performed in 1796 and the Paukenmesse emerged as the second of six shows.
Haydn himself chose the Latin name Missa in tempore belli from, who recalled that Napoleon Bonaparte at the time of the First Coalition War, coming from Italy, Vienna threatened. The fair is also called Paukenmesse because of the timpani in the Agnus Dei. These drum beats are slower image of the French army timpani vertebra with characteristic anapestic rhythm. The impressive combination of martial timpani sounds with the request for peace was created a quarter of a century later in a similar way by Ludwig van Beethoven in his Missa Solemnis.
The show premiered on December 26, 1796 in the Piaristenkirche Maria Treu in Vienna. For the Vienna performance of Haydn added the orchestra nor flute, clarinet and horn parts, which were not present in the Eisenstadt chapel. In Eisenstadt the show then was first performed on 29 September 1797.
Description of the work
The show follows the flow of the traditional Ordinary, the Haydn divides as follows:
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Benedictus
Agnus Dei
The instrumentation of the orchestra includes: 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings and organ, as well as ad libitum flute, 2 clarinets, 2 horns.
The performance lasts about 40 minutes.