Mitella

Wire-haired bishop cap ( Mitella caulescens )

Mitella, also sometimes called bishop caps, is a genus within the family Saxifragaceae ( Saxifragaceae ). It has a disjoint area on the northern hemisphere: mainly in Japan but also in China, Taiwan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia and North America.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Mitella species grow as a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth depending on the type of usually 6-55 ( 2-65 ) cm. They are creeping, short rhizomes as outlasting and stolons can be present. The underground part of the stem usually have tough, scaly leaf bases. The stretched to upright, hardly to intense glandular hairy stems have no or very few ( one to three ) AC or against permanent leaves. Most leaves are borne in a basal rosette of leaves and are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The little to intense glandular- hairy petioles are usually relatively long. The simple fiedernervigen leaf blades are egg -, heart - or kidney- shaped, with heart-shaped to obtuse base and usually lobed weak. The leaf margin sinuate to toothed. The leaf surface is hairy smooth to varying degrees depending on the type glandular. The stipules are trockenhäutig.

Generative features

In an elongated, racemose inflorescence are about supporting scale-like leaves on stalks 2 to 60 flowers; rarely the flowers are individually. The relatively small flowers are hermaphroditic and fünfzählig with double perianth. The green, white, greenish- white or greenish - yellow flowers cup ( hypanthium ) are more or less fused to full length with the ovary; the free area is more than 1.5 mm long. The five sepals are white, greenish - white, greenish - yellow, and sometimes tinted purple. The five white, greenish, greenish- white, greenish - yellow, whitish - green and sometimes pink or purple tinted petals are slim nailed and usually pinnately lobed, rarely unlobed. Sometimes petals are missing. There are one or two groups of five stamens present. Two carpels are fused to an almost constant top up almost under constant, unilocular ovary more or less the entire length. In two parietal placentas, the ovules are. The two pens each end in a scar. The flowering period extends from July to August.

The zweischnabeligen fruit capsules contain from four to many seeds. The fruit capsules open between the two short -beaked fruit, which represent the remains of the stylus. The reddish- purple to dark brown or blackish, shiny seeds are ovate to narrowly ellipsoid, 1 to 1.4 mm long and nearly smooth or pitted ( tuberculat ).

The basic chromosome number is n = 7

Systematics and distribution

The genus Mitella has a disjoint area mainly in Japan but also in China ( two types ), Taiwan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia and North America ( nine species).

The genus Mitella was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 406. Type species is L. Mitella diphylla.

The genus name is derived from Mitella from the Latin word for mitra turban or head-dress and the diminutive - ella and refers to the bishop cap-shaped fruit.

Synonyms for Mitella L. are: Drummondia DC, Mitellastra Howell, Mitellopsis Meisn, Ozomelis Raf, Raf .. Pectiantia. ..

To the extent shown here is the genus Mitella polyphyletic (DE Soltis et al., 1990, Soltis & RK Kuzoff 1995). The recent molecular genetic studies have shown that three clades emerge clearly what the future leads well that is divided into three genera. It is to be seen but a valid publication. Conimitella williamsii ( D.C.Eaton ) Rydb. but spun even as a single type of reactivation genus.

The genus contains about 20 species Mitella:

• Mitella acerina Makino: It occurs only on the Japanese island of Honshu along mountain streams.
• Evergreen bishop cap ( Mitella breweri A. Gray ): It is native to western North America.
• Wechselblättrige bishop cap or wire-haired bishop cap ( Mitella caulescens Nutt. ): It is native to the western United States.
• Gegenblättrige bishop cap or Non invasive bishop cap ( Mitella diphylla L.): It is widespread in North America.
• Mitella diversifolia Greene: It is native to the western United States.
• Mitella doiana Ohwi: It is endemic to the Japanese island of Yakushima.
• Mitella formosana ( Hayata ) Masam. It is native to high altitudes 2900-3000 meters in Taiwan.
• Mitella furusei Ohwi: It is native to Japan.
• Mitella integripetala Boiss. It is native to Japan.
• Mitella japonica Miq. It occurs on the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu.
• Mitella kiusiana Makino: It is used in Japan only in Kyushu.
• Mitella koshiensis Ohwi: It occurs only on the Japanese island of Honshu along mountain streams.
• Mitella leiopetala Ohwi & Okuyama
• Zehnmännige bishop cap ( Mitella nuda L. ): With almost zirkumborealen occurrence.
• Oval bishop cap ( Mitella ovalis Greene): It is native to western North America.
• Fünfmännige bishop cap ( Mitella pentandra Hook. ): It is widespread in North America.
• Einseitswendige bishop cap ( Mitella stauropetala Piper ): It is native to the United States.
• Mitella stylosa Boiss. It is native to Japan.
• Three-column bishop cap ( Mitella trifida Graham): It is native to western North America.
• Mitella yoshinagae Hara: It is native to Japan.
• Mitella × intermedia Bruhin ( Syn: Mitella intermedia Bruhin Mitella nuda f intermedia Rosend. )

Use

Little is known about the use by humans. The hardy species are useful as ornamental plants in the moderate areas.

At Mitella diphylla medical effects were examined

Homonym of the generic name

There was also the animal genus Mitella, see Pollicipes pollicipes Gmelin 1789 Syn: Mitella pollicipes Gmelin 1789, a barnacle from the class of Barnacles.

Swell

• Douglas E. Soltis & Craig C. Freeman: Mitella, pp. 108 - text the same online as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 8 - Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 (sections description, systematics, distribution and use )
• Pan Jintang & Douglas E. Soltis: Mitella, pp. 345 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi and Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 8 - Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2002. ISBN 0-915279-93-2